can you please send me the sonet fram structure animation

thank you

(raghavendra) ....etc

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IP OVER SONET
Presented By
G Suma
IV ECE e-mail:
&
P V Sailaja
IV ECE
G Pulla Reddy Engineering College
Kurnool


ABSTRACT

With internet use continuing to explode, with an increasing number of users switching to IP- based networks, and with data traffic about to surpass voice traffic, network service providers have looking for a faster; more efficient, and less expensive transport technology to handle the heavy volumes of traffic they are experiencing.
With this in mind, many providers have de ....etc

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INTRODUCTION!!!
Over the past few years, new promising protocols have emerged at the forefront of Metro networking. One among them is the Resilient Packet Ring (RPR). Today, as the standard slowly settle, it is finally reaching the stage beyond speculation, and into network deployment. Pundits and vendors have pinned exceptional hopes on this technology, particularly for effecting a long-awaited transformation of Metro Area Networking.
The Metro remains the last geographical section of the network still largely dependent on late 1980s and ea ....etc

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IP OVER SONET
Presented By
G Suma
IV ECE e-mail:
&
P V Sailaja
IV ECE
G Pulla Reddy Engineering College
Kurnool


ABSTRACT

With internet use continuing to explode, with an increasing number of users switching to IP- based networks, and with data traffic about to surpass voice traffic, network service providers have looking for a faster; more efficient, and less expensive transport technology to handle the heavy volumes of traffic they are experiencing.
With this in mind, many providers have de ....etc

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1. Introduction
The nature of the public network has changed. Demand for Internet Protocol (IP) data is growing at a compound annual rate of between 100% and 800%1, while voice demand remains stable. What was once a predominantly circuit switched network handling mainly circuit switched voice traffic has become a circuit-switched network handling mainly IP data. Because the nature of the traffic is not well matched to the underlying technology, this network is proving very costly to scale. User spending has not increased ....etc

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Introduction
LAN forms basis of all commercial,research,and data communication networks.Recently an increase in applications demand significantly higher band width. Ethernet is an easy to understand and extremely cost-effective technology. For these reasons, 98% of local area network (LAN) connections are now Ethernet based.
To meet this,high speed LAN types have been developed ,including a number of variations of basic ethernetLANs. CSMA/CD(carrier sense multiple access with collision detection) is used widely in ....etc

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The Synchronous optical network, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber as defined by GR-253-CORE from Telcordia. It was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and to allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors.

The more recent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard developed by ITU (G.707 and its extension G.708) is built on experience in the development ....etc

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The Synchronous optical network, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber as defined by GR-253-CORE from Telcordia. It was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and to allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors.
The more recent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard developed by ITU (G.707 and its extension G.708) is built on experience in the development o ....etc

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The Synchronous optical network, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber as defined by GR-253-CORE from Telcordia. It was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and to allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors.

The more recent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard developed by ITU (G.707 and its extension G.708) is built on experience in the development ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

The Synchronous optical network, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber as defined by GR-253-CORE from Telcordia. It was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and to allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors.

The more recent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard developed by ITU (G.707 and its extension G.708) is built on experience in the development ....etc

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Abstract


With internet use continuing to explode, with an increasing number of users switching to IP- based networks, and with data traffic about to surpass voice traffic, network service providers have looking for a faster; more efficient, and less expensive transport technology to handle the heavy volumes of traffic they are experiencing.
With this in mind, many providers have decided to carry IP traffic, directly over SONET (synchronous optical network), rather than via frame relay, ATM backbones, or leased lines.
The explosive growt ....etc

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PRESENTED BY
RAMYA SAHITYA .J
RAMYA .V
REVATHI .K


AIM OF THE PROJECT
• This project deals with design of scramblers/ descramblers for use with SONET and OTN optical networks.
• Writing VHDL code for scrambler/ descrambler and performing synthesis and simulation on FPGA.
ABOUT FPGA
• FPGA
• FPGA SERIES
 FAMILY NAME
 DEVICE NAME
 PACKAGE
 SPEED
SCRAMBLING
• Used for sufficent
0-1 transitions
• Scrambler is 7 bit self-synchronizing
• Polynomial X7 ....etc

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Introducing DWDM
The following discussion provides some background on why dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is an important innovation in optical networks and what benefits it can provide. We begin with a high-level view of the segments of the global network and the economic forces driving the revolution in fiber optic networks. We then examine the differences between traditional time-division multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Finally, we explore the advantages of this new technology. ....etc

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Optical Networking
Outline
Introduction
First Generation Optical Networks
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH)
Second Generation Optical Networks
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Optical Networking Components
Wavelength Routing Networks

Introduction(1)
Advantages of Optical Transmission
Large bandwidth permits high data transmission, which also supports the aggregation of voice, video, and data
Technological improvements are ....etc

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