Synchronous optical networking (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) are standardized multiplexing protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Lower rates can also be transferred via an electrical interface,Synchronous optical network (SONET) offers cost-effective transport both in the access area and core of the network. telephone or data switches rely on SONET transport for interconnection.The optical layer provides the foundation of transport services for bot ....etc

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The Synchronous optical network, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber as defined by GR-253-CORE from Telcordia. It was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and to allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors.
The more recent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard developed by ITU (G.707 and its extension G.708) is built on experience in the development o ....etc

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The synchronous voltage source is implemented by a multi-pulse inverter using gate turnoff (GTO) thyristors . It is capable of generating internally the reactive power necessary for network compensation, and is also able to interface with an appropriate energy storage device to negotiate real power exchange with the ac system. The paper develops a of power flow control using solid - state synchronous voltage sources for shunt compensation, series compensation , and phase angle control .

It also describes the unified powerflow contro ....etc

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For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Access token:- right to use a slot for transmitting data on a physical interface for a certain number of bypass hops
Address, DTM address:- 64 bit numerical value that uniquely identifies a node in a DTM network
Allocation domain:- same as a bypass chain where, if the topology is point-to-point or bus, the last node is not counted as member of the AD.

Bypass Chain (BC):- series of concatenated physical links, where data can be transported end-to-end usin ....etc

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Synchronous Machines
Synchronous generators or alternators are used to convert mechanical power derived from steam, gas, or hydraulic-turbine to ac electric power
Synchronous generators are the primary source of electrical energy we consume today
Large ac power networks rely almost exclusively on synchronous generators
Synchronous motors are built in large units compare to induction motors (Induction motors are cheaper for smaller ratings) and used for constant speed industrial drives
Operation Principle
The rotor of the ....etc

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Synchronous Machines
Synchronous generators or alternators are used to convert mechanical power derived from steam, gas, or hydraulic-turbine to ac electric power
Synchronous generators are the primary source of electrical energy we consume today
Large ac power networks rely almost exclusively on synchronous generators
Synchronous motors are built in large units compare to induction motors (Induction motors are cheaper for smaller ratings) and used for constant speed industrial drives
Construction
Various Type ....etc

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i want ppt on
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE AS A POWER FACTOR CORRECTING DEVICE ....etc

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Near-Optimal Multiuser Detection in Synchronous CDMA Using Probabilistic Data Association
Presented By:
J. Luo, Student Member, IEEE, K. R. Pattipati, Fellow, IEEE, P. K. Willett, Senior Member, IEEE, and F. Hasegawa, Member, IEEE
Abstract
A Probabilistic Data Association (PDA) method is proposed in this letter for multiuser detection over synchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication channels. PDA models the undecided user signals as binary random variables. By approximating the inter-user interferenc ....etc

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The Synchronous optical network, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber as defined by GR-253-CORE from Telcordia. It was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and to allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors.

The more recent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard developed by ITU (G.707 and its extension G.708) is built on experience in the development ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

The Synchronous optical network, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber as defined by GR-253-CORE from Telcordia. It was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and to allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors.

The more recent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standard developed by ITU (G.707 and its extension G.708) is built on experience in the development ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]