Electrical Characteristics of n-ZnO/p-Si Heterojunction Diodes
4
Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition at Different Oxygen
5
Pressures
6
7
R.S. AJIMSHA,
1
M.K. JAYARAJ,
1,3
and L.M. KUKREJA
2
8
1.”Optoelectronics Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and
9
Technology, Kochi 682022, India. 2.”Laser Materials Processing Division, Raja Ramanna Centre
10
for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India. 3.”e-mail: [email protected]
11
Heterojunction diodes of n-type ZnO/p-type silicon (1 ....etc

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ABSTRACT
A host of novel applications and new physics could be unleashed as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) shrink towards the nano scale. The time is ripe for a concerted exploration of Nano-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (NEMS) - i.e. machines, sensors, computers and electronics that are on the nano-scale. Many years of research by university, government, and industrial groups have been devoted to developing cutting-edge NEMS technologies for enabling revolutionary NEMS devices. NEMS has revolutionized nearly ever ....etc

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SPUTTERING
OR
Physical Vapor Deposition – Evaporation
and Sputtering

Dr. Lynn Fuller
Microelectronic Engineering
Rochester Institute of Technology
82 Lomb Memorial Drive
Rochester, NY 14623-5604


EVAPORATION TECHNIQUES
Aluminum - evaporate copper with tungsten wire basket. One pellet at 20 cm gives about 3000 A. Copper - evaporate copper with tungsten wire basket. The basket needs to be crushed a little so the openings are small and the copper does not fal ....etc

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Abstract
Laser assisted direct metal deposition refers to the additive layered manufacturing technology for building components from a
computer-aided design CAD. model. A motion control program, developed from the CAD model of a desired metal component,
is used to control the motion of a laser focal spot to trace all areas of the part, typically a planar layer at a time. Metal powders,
injected into the laser focal zone, are melted and then re-solidify into fully dense metal in the wake of the moving molten pool
created by the las ....etc

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Abstract:
A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. If you blew up a baseball to the size of the earth, the atoms would become visible, about the size of grapes. Some 3- 4 atoms fit lined up inside a nanometer. Nanotechnology is about building things atom by atom, molecule by molecule. The trick is to be able to manipulate atoms individually, and place them where you wish on a structure.

Nanotechnology uses well known physical properties of atoms and molecules to make novel devices with ex ....etc

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Electrical Characteristics of n-ZnO/p-Si Heterojunction Diodes
4
Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition at Different Oxygen
5
Pressures
6
7
R.S. AJIMSHA,
1
M.K. JAYARAJ,
1,3
and L.M. KUKREJA
2
8
1.”Optoelectronics Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and
9
Technology, Kochi 682022, India. 2.”Laser Materials Processing Division, Raja Ramanna Centre
10
for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India. 3.”e-mail: [email protected]
11
Heterojunction diodes of n-type ZnO/p-type silicon (1 ....etc

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Effect of substrate temperature on the growth of ITO thin films
M. Nisha, S. Anusha, Aldrin Antony, R. Manoj, M.K. Jayaraj
*
Optoelectronics Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Kochi 682 022, Kerala, India
Received 2 November 2004; received in revised form 20 February 2005; accepted 20 February 2005
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering of ITO target and the
influence of substrate temperature on the properties of the f ....etc

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Thermophoresis is a phenomenon of the movement of small particles in a gas with a temperature gradient towards the cooler region of the gas. Small particles, such as dust, when suspended in a non-isothermal gas, experience a force in the direction opposite to the temperature gradient. This force, known as the thermophoretic force plays an important role in the mass transfer mechanism of several devices involving sub-micron and micron sized particles and a large thermal gradient, and it is often cited as an important one influence the efficiency ....etc

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Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors OTFTs have received considerable attention recently because they can be fabricated at reduced temperature and potentially reduced cost compared to hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors. Low fabrication temperature allows a wide range of substrate possibilities and makes OTFTs an attractive technology for many low-cost electronics applications, particularly those that require or may benefit from flexible polymeric substrates such as rf identification tags, smart cards ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)
Micro electro-mechanical structures and systems are miniature devices that enable the operation of complex systems. They exist today in many environments, especially automotive, medical, consumer, industrial, and aerospace. Their potential for future penetration into a broad range of applications is real, supported by strong developmental activities at many companies and institutions. The technology consists of a large portfolio of design and fabrication p ....etc

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NANOSCALE MECHANOSYNTHESIS
Abstract
Nanotechnology and molecular engineering has gained great deal of importance in the recent years. The main obstruction to molecular manufacturing today is the lack of an experimental procedure for routinely and precisely building objects, atom by atom, at the molecular scale. The key to this is molecular positional assembly, or mechanosynthesis “ the formation of covalent chemical bonds using precisely applied mechanical forces. This paper investigates a specific mechanical dimer ....etc

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SUBMITTED BY
P.SATHISH


CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION

• DEFINITION

• EMISSIONS OF CHEMICALS
o NATURAL PHENOMENA
o HUMAN ACTIVITY

• GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY
o CHEMISTRY IN CLOUD DROPLETS
o HYDROLYSIS
o OXIDATION
o
• ACID DEPOSITION

• DRY DEPOSITION

• EFFECTS
o SURFACE WATERS AND AQUATIC ANIMALS
o SOILS
o FORESTS AND OTHER VEGETATION
o HUMAN HEALTH
• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCE


INTRODUCTION
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, elevated levels of h ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) encompasses a class of processes that can be used to design and construct parts using a layer-additive approach. SFF processes are an outgrowth of rapid prototyping processes such as stereolithography for plastics and welding repair techniques employing laser, electron beam, or arc welding for repairing metal seal knife edges, turbine blade tips, or tooling dies. Current development efforts are expanding these repair techniques and applying principles from ....etc

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