Vertical Cavity surface Emission Lasers (VCSEL) are lasers that emit light from their surface in contrast with regular ???edge emittersâ„¢. Also they have got a vertical cavity , as the name suggests, which enables surface emission.???Vixels??? , as they are commonly called ,have several superior characteristics compared to their edge emitting counter parts.

VCSEL Semiconductor micro laser diodes which emit light perpendicular to their PN junction in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer and feature circul ....etc

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In an information society, where the primary preoccupation in life is the generation, dissemination and management of information, there is an ever-increasing appetite for computing power and interconnection bandwidth. In the coming era of teraflop computing and multi terabyte storage, multiple processors and large data stores will be interconnected with up to terabit per second aggregate bandwidth over distance extending from just centimeters to hundreds of meters. VCSEL based optical interconnections can meet the speed, distance and density d ....etc

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Landscaping
It is an art which deals with conscious arrangement or
organization of outdoor space for human satisfaction and
enjoyment.
Some of its major goals include :-
Organizing and developing the site for maximum use and pleasure.
Creating a visual relationship between the house and the site.
Reducing landscape maintenance to a practical level.
Dealing with health and stress management, energy conservation,
noise
control, erosion control, pollution control.Page 3



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Thermal Barrier Coatings

Heat engines are based on considering various factors such as durability, performance and efficiency with the objective of minimizing the life cycle cost. For example, the turbine inlet temperature of a gas turbine having advanced air cooling and improved component materials is about 1500oC. Metallic coatings were introduced to sustain these high temperatures. The trend for the most efficient gas turbines is to exploit more recent advances in material and cooling technology ....etc

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Definition

Heat engines are based on considering various factors such as durability, performance and efficiency with the objective of minimizing the life cycle cost. For example, the turbine inlet temperature of a gas turbine having advanced air cooling and improved component materials is about 1500oC. Metallic coatings were introduced to sustain these high temperatures. The trend for the most efficient gas turbines is to exploit more recent advances in material and cooling technology by going to engine operating cycles which employ a large ....etc

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ABSTRACT

The concept of insulating cooled heat engine components such as gas turbine blades and diesel engine valves from hot working fluids with a ceramic thermal barrier coating is by no means new. A practical system, however, has only been identified in the past few years. Thermal barrier coating (TBC) are applied to metallic components to reduce metal temperature, reduce life cycle cost, increase the environmental resistance and in some cases reduce noxious exhaust emissions. The selection of TBC involves many consider ....etc

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Solidstate lasers can produce lightin red and blue parts of the visiblespectrum, generating laserlight in all colours except green. Butrecent research work suggests thatthis ‘green gap’ could be plugged.New techniques for growing laserdiodes could soon make brilliant fullspectrumdisplays a reality.Plugging the green gap in the redgreen-blue triad needed for full-colourlaser projection and display wouldhelp speed the introduction of laserprojectors for televisions and movie theatres, which will display much richercolour ....etc

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The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is a type of semiconductor laser diode with laser beam emission perpendicular from the top surface, contrary to conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (also in-plane lasers) which emit from surfaces formed by cleaving the individual chip out of a wafer.There are several advantages to producing VCSELs when compared with the production process of edge-emitting lasers. Edge-emitters cannot be tested until the end of the production process. If the edge-emitter does not work, whether due to ....etc

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