The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is a type of semiconductor laser diode with laser beam emission perpendicular from the top surface, contrary to conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (also in-plane lasers) which emit from surfaces formed by cleaving the individual chip out of a wafer.There are several advantages to producing VCSELs when compared with the production process of edge-emitting lasers. Edge-emitters cannot be tested until the end of the production process. If the edge-emitter does not work, whether due to ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

can i get two cavity klystron here {basic principle construction and proof}
urgently needed...... ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

I want ppt on klystron and its future scope . Plz send me ppt . It will b vry helpful for me . Thank you. ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Vertical Cavity surface Emission Lasers (VCSEL) are lasers that emit light from their surface in contrast with regular ???edge emittersâ„¢. Also they have got a vertical cavity , as the name suggests, which enables surface emission.???Vixels??? , as they are commonly called ,have several superior characteristics compared to their edge emitting counter parts.

VCSEL Semiconductor micro laser diodes which emit light perpendicular to their PN junction in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer and feature circul ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

presented by;
Ajaya Kumar Kavala


Technique for measuring the Dielectric constant using open ended coaxial cable in the microwave frequency region
Introduction of Dielectrics
• Dielectric is an entity ,in which equal positive and negative charges separated by equal small distance.
• In which each molecule has permanent dipole moment P
• This type of materials are known as polar materials
• Different molecules has different different directions of the dipole moment.
• In Non polar materials ,The ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Ajaya Kumar Kavala
Research Scholar
Department of Physics
IIT Patna


Introduction of Dielectrics

Dielectric is an entity ,in which equal positive and negative charges separated by equal small distance.
In which each molecule has permanent dipole moment P
This type of materials are known as polar materials
Different molecules has different different directions of the dipole moment.
In Non polar materials ,The centre of the positive charge distribu ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

I want to know about wo cavity klystron amplifier
....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Explain the two cavity and Reflex klystron ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

In an information society, where the primary preoccupation in life is the generation, dissemination and management of information, there is an ever-increasing appetite for computing power and interconnection bandwidth. In the coming era of teraflop computing and multi terabyte storage, multiple processors and large data stores will be interconnected with up to terabit per second aggregate bandwidth over distance extending from just centimeters to hundreds of meters. VCSEL based optical interconnections can meet the speed, distance and density d ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Presented By:
Y. Phaneendra Kumar and R. M. Vasu
Department of Instrumentation, Indian Institute of Science
Abstract-
For near infrared imaging of neonatal head surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid layer, we have developed an imaging modality, which uses perturbation Monte-Carlo estimation of Jacobian of the forward model for photon propagation. In this case, we have shown that the conventional techniques, which uses diffusion approximation for light transport in tissue, fails to give the reconstruction of tissue optical prope ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]