Vertical Cavity surface Emission Lasers (VCSEL) are lasers that emit light from their surface in contrast with regular ???edge emittersâ„¢. Also they have got a vertical cavity , as the name suggests, which enables surface emission.???Vixels??? , as they are commonly called ,have several superior characteristics compared to their edge emitting counter parts.

VCSEL Semiconductor micro laser diodes which emit light perpendicular to their PN junction in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer and feature circul ....etc

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1.whether inhogeneous phase also lead to distortion or localized martensitic microstructure leads to distortion in induction hardening of crank shaft
2.prior (localized mar phase)micro structure affects the distortion or not in induction hardening of crank shaft
3.which prior micro structure prone to distortion in induction hardening of cranshaft... ....etc

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ABSTRACT:
Conventional closed die forging, is widely used for manufacture of superalloy parts. Despite recent technological advancements in the area of forging design, empirical and trial-and-error methods are still widely used in forging super alloy materials. This paper investigates the effect of flash thickness and various geometrical forging design parameters including internal and external drafts and internal and external corner radii, on the die cavity filling, forging load and raw material cost when forging Nimonic80-A a supera ....etc

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The effect of sub surface defects in surface roughness monitoring through ultrasonic flaw detector.
Objective
 To study the effect of sub surface defects in surface roughness monitoring through ultrasonic flaw detector.
 To study the sizing of defects.
Ultrasound Concepts
• All sound waves, whether audible or ultrasonic, are mechanical vibrations involving movement of the medium in which they are traveling. A sound wave may be transmitted through any material which behaves in an elastic manner.
....etc

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Surface mount technology is an easiest and prefect form of mounting components in Printed Circuit Boards. It entails making reliable interconnections on the board at great speeds, at reduced cost. To achieve these, SMT needed new types of surface mount components, new testing techniques, new assembling technique, new mounting techniques and a new set of design guidelines.

SMT is completely different from insertion mounting. The difference depends on the availability and cost of surface mounting elements. Thus the designer has no c ....etc

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The limits of pushing storage density to the atomic scale are explored with a memory that stores a bit by the presence or absence of one silicon atom. These atoms are positioned at lattice sites along self-assembled tracks with a pitch of five atom rows. The memory can be initialized and reformatted by controlled deposition of silicon. The writing process involves the transfer of Si atoms to the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. The limits of pushing storage density to the atomic scale are explored with a memory that stores a bit by the ....etc

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Channel Estimation for OFDM System with Two Training Symbols Aided and Polynomial Fitting




INTRODUCTION

ORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) is a high spectral efficiency transmission
scheme. It divides a wideband signal into many orthogonal
subcarriers and induces a symbol period that is much
longer than the bit duration. However, a long symbol
period is sensitive to the time-varying channel in wireless
communications. The channel respo ....etc

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ABSTRACT

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon occurring at metal surfaces(typically gold and silver) when an incident light beam strikes the surface at a particular angle.Depending on the thickness of a molecular layer at the metal surface,the SPR phenomenon results in a graded reduction in intensity of the reflected light.Biomedical applications take advantage of the exquisite sensitivity of SPR to the refractive index of the medium next to the metal surface, which makes it possible to measure accurately the adsorption of molecul ....etc

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How to get bigger size wrinkles in coil coating paints ....etc

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I'm Madhuri studying M.Tech(CS). I want a project along with documentation and source code in java on the topic VARIOUS REPRESENTATION SCHEMES FOR HAND DRAWN SYMBOLS - A COMPARATIVE STUDY. Please send the reply to my mail: [email protected] as early as possible. I'm also enclosing my abstract. ....etc

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