Reinforced concrete structures often have to face modification and improvement of their performance during their service life. The main contributing factors are change in their use of ,new design standards, deterioration due to corrosion in the steel caused by exposure to an aggressive environment and accident events such as earthquakes .In such circumstances there are two possible solutions: replacement or retrofitting.
Retrofitting of flexural concrete elements are traditionally accomplished by externally bonding steel plates to concrete whi ....etc

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plz send ppt for my reference. it will be so helpful to me ....etc

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Construction material subjected to repetitive or cyclic loading have to be qualified for their fatigue behaviour. Generally their behaviour is considered satisfactory if they withstand two million cycle of repetitive loading without distress or failure at that required mean stress level and range stress.
The recent research in reinforcing Portland cement based material with randomly distributed fibres was spurred by pioneering research or fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) conducted in the United state in the 1960s.The addition of fibre in the co ....etc

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Deflection of beams
Abstract
The basic aspects of Probe Beam Deflection techniques, used to detectconcentration gradients in electrochemical systems, are described.
The different techniques is first discussed. Then, a critical review of published applications of the techniques to various electrochemical systems is performed. Among the systems whom these techniques has been applied are: electrochromic oxides, conducting polymers, redox polymers, underpotential deposition, surface electrochemical reaction on solid ele ....etc

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retrofitting of rc beams with externally bonded simcon laminates ....etc

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Abstract—
We consider an end-to-end approach of inferring probabilistic data-forwarding failures in an externally managed overlay
network, where overlay nodes are independently operated by various administrative domains. Our optimization goal is to minimize the
expected cost of correcting (i.e., diagnosing and repairing) all faulty overlay nodes that cannot properly deliver data. Instead of first
checking the most likely faulty nodes as in conventional fault localization problems, we prove that an optimal strategy should start wit ....etc

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Construction material subjected to repetitive or cyclic loading have to be qualified for their fatigue behaviour. Generally their behaviour is considered satisfactory if they withstand two million cycle of repetitive loading without distress or failure at that required mean stress level and range stress.
The recent research in reinforcing Portland cement based material with randomly distributed fibres was spurred by pioneering research or fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) conducted in the United state in the 1960s.The addition of fibre in the co ....etc

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BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS COCONUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATES. ....etc

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ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of experimental studies concerning the flexural strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded Slurry Infiltrated Mat CONcrete (SIMCON) laminates. A total of four reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested in the laboratory over an effective span of 3000 mm. Three beams were strengthened with bonded SIMCON laminate at the bottom under virgin condition and tested until failure; the remaining one beam was used as control specimen. Static responses of all the beams w ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION
FUTURE optical networks will extend wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to take full advantage of the wide bandwidth of the fiber to meet with the rapidly increasing demand for communication capacity. Large WDM networks will require wavelength converters for signal path routing, and this will enable us to use wavelength resources efficiently and realize flexible network construction.
Several wavelength-conversion methods have already been proposed , including cross-gain or cross-phas ....etc

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