1.1 THE MOTIVATION FOR PON
One of the most critical decisions for any business involves the purchase of capital equipment. The two important factors which influences this decision are equipment cost and the resulting revenue potential. Service providers face this decision when upgrading existing access networks, and they want to minimize the cost and maximizing the revenue potential. Thus, the most important decision the service provider makes when purchasing network equipment ....etc

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pls give details of fiber antennas for free space communicTION ....etc

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PON Topologies

There are several topologies suitable for the access network: tree, ring, or bus. A PON can also be deployed in redundant configuration as double ring or doubletree; or redundancy may be added only to a part of the PON, say the trunk of the tree. For the rest of this article, we will focus our attention on the tree topology; however, most of the conclusions made are equally relevant to other topologies.All transmissions in a PON are performed between Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and O ....etc

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ARE NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR TO GLASS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES?
INTRODUCTION:-
• Natural fibers have been used to reinforce materials for
over 3,000 years.
• Many types of natural fibers have been investigated for
use in plastics .including , Flax, hemp, jute, straw,
wood fiber, rice husks,wheat,barley,oats .
• Natural fibers have the advantage that they are
renewable resources and have marketing appeal.
• Natural fibers are increasingly used in automotive a ....etc

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This article is presented by:
H. Erkan, ASM D.
Hossain, R. Dorsinville,
M.A.Ali A. Hadjiantonis


Abstract
This work proposes a simple and cost effective local access WDM-PON architecture that combines the salient features of both traditional static WDM-PON (i.e., dedicated connectivity to all subscribers with bit rate and protocol transparencies, guaranteed QoS, and increased security) and dynamic WDM-PON (i.e., efficiently utilizing network resources via dynamic wavelength allocation/sharing among end-users ....etc

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There are several topologies suitable for the access network: tree, ring, or bus. A PON can also be deployed in redundant configuration as double ring or doubletree; or redundancy may be added only to a part of the PON, say the trunk of the tree. For the rest of this article, we will focus our attention on the tree topology; however, most of the conclusions made are equally relevant to other topologies

All transmissions in a PON are performed between Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Units (ONU). Therefore, in the downstream di ....etc

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fiber antenna for fibre free communication ppts
....etc

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Abstract
A Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GE-PON)
The GE-PON includes an optical line terminal (OLT), a plurality of optical couplers, and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs). The OLT sets up an active page link and a standby page link in response to a registration request message received over an optical cable. Each of the ONUs is doubly connected with the OLT via the optical cable and is adapted to transmit the registration request message to the OLT, form the active page link with the OLT via the optical cable if it re ....etc

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Abstract:
A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters utilizing Brewster's angle principles are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 32-128. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. A PON configuration reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point to point architec ....etc

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There are several topologies suitable for the access network: tree, ring, or bus. A PON can also be deployed in redundant configuration as double ring or doubletree; or redundancy may be added only to a part of the PON, say the trunk of the tree. For the rest of this article, we will focus our attention on the tree topology; however, most of the conclusions made are equally relevant to other topologies

All transmissions in a PON are performed between Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Units (ONU). Therefore, in the downstream d ....etc

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