a new bonding technique utilizing nano-scaled particles for use in high-temperature environments. The results of our investigations revealed that the method could be used to form bonds by simultaneously applying heat and pressure. Moreover, compared to a conventional Pb“5Sn-solder bond, a nanoparticle-based bond suffered no degradation in bonding strength over an elevated-temperature holding period of 1000 h at 250 °C, and its discharge characteristics were improved (i.e., increased) threefold. It is possible to extend this bondi ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Smart pixels, the integration of photodetector arrays and processing electronics on a single semiconductor chip, have been driven by its capability to perform parallel processing of large pixelated images and in real-time reduce a complex image into a manageable stream of signals that can be brought off-chip. In recent years, optical modulators and emitters have been integrated with photodetectors and on-chip electronics. The potential uses for smart pixels are almost as varied as are the designs. They can be used ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)
Micro electro-mechanical structures and systems are miniature devices that enable the operation of complex systems. They exist today in many environments, especially automotive, medical, consumer, industrial, and aerospace. Their potential for future penetration into a broad range of applications is real, supported by strong developmental activities at many companies and institutions. The technology consists of a large portfolio of design and fabrication p ....etc

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Hi i am Ramniwas , ineed ppt of use of information for customer bonding ....... ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
In the last 200 years, rapid advances in construction materials technology have enabled civil engineers to achieve impressive gains in the safety, economy, and functionality of structures built to serve the common needs of society. Through such gains, the health and standard of living of individuals are improved. The use of FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS (FRP) as reinforcement for structures is rapidly gaining appeal. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems are high-strength, lightweight reinforcement ....etc

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ABSTRACT
IPEM is an improved power processing technology through advanced integration of power electronics components. It provides high frequency synthesis, resulting in important improvements in performance, size, and cost.
Currently, assemblies of power semiconductor switches and their associated drive circuitry are available in modules. Though the module contains a small size power switching part, the associated control, sensing, electro magnetic power passives and inter connect structures are very bulky. In IPEM, the re ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Bioinformatics is discipline which combines computer science, Biology, Information Technology. Bioinformatics used for storing, analysing, collecting large amount of biological information. Biological data include any type data related to plant, animal, yeast, fungi etc.
In this paper we represent how to determine genes in inherited diseases and to determine gene code for beneficial traits. Tools are used to find information about the function and location of particular genes. It gives the information of di ....etc

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we want basic details about accumulative bonding ....etc

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Studies on Aluminum-Fly-Ash Composite Produced by Impeller Mixing

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Master of Technology
In Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Submitted By
Shuvendu Tripathy Roll No.207MM103
Under the guidance of Prof.S.Sarkar
Department of National Metallurgical & Materials Institute of Technology Rourkela 2009
National Institute of Technology Rourkela


ABSTRACT
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) constitute an important class of design and w ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION

There is a saying in real estate; when land get expensive, multi-storied buildings are the alternative solution. We have a similar situation in the chip industry. For the past thirty years, chip designers have considered whether building integrated circuits multiple layers might create cheaper, more powerful chips.

Performance of deep-sub micrometer very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits is being increasingly dominated by the interconnects due to increasing wi ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Smart Cards are handy bits of plastic with embedded microprocessor or memory chips that are used for identification. Smart cards look like a credit card in size but have a computer chip embedded in them. The chip has a certain amount of memory capable of storing data, with a Card Operating System (COS), which is protected with advanced security features. Smart cards when coupled with a reader has the processing power to serve several different applications.
Smart cards can be considered as the worldâ„¢s sma ....etc

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i wanna know all about chemical earthing n its definination n espically why it is done ....etc

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Introduction

In power electronics, solid-state electronics is used for the control and conversion of electric power .The goal of power electronics is to realize power conversion from electrical source to an electrical load in a highly efficient, highly reliable and cost effective way. Power electronics modules are key units in a power electronics system. These modules contain integration of power switches and associated electronic circuitry for drive control and protection and other passive components.

During the past decades, power devi ....etc

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3- D ICs

1

ABSTRACT

The unprecedented growth of the computer and the Information

technology industry is demanding Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits

with increasing functionality and performance at minimum cost and power

dissipation. VLSI circuits are being aggressively scaled to meet this Demand,

which in turn has some serious problems for the semiconductor industry.

Additionally heterogeneous integration of different technologies in one

single chip (SoC) is becoming increasingly desirable, for which planar ....etc

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