18-08-2011, 10:11 AM
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Intelligent Automatic Plant Irrigation System with water pump control based on soil moister condition
ABSTRACT
Irrigation is the key to a successful garden. Long gone are the days of manual
watering or relying on a friend to water when you are on vacation or away on
business. The Project presented here waters your plants regularly when you are
out for vocation. The circuit comprises sensor parts built using op-amp IC
LM324. Op-amp is configured here as a comparator. Two stiff copper wires are
inserted in the soil to sense the whether the Soil is wet or dry.
The comparator monitors the sensors and when sensors sense the dry condition
then the project will switch on the motor and it will switch off the motor when
the sensors are in wet. The comparator does the above job it receives the signals
from the sensors.
A transistor is used to drive the relay during the soil wet condition. 5V double
pole – double through relay is used to control the water pump. LED indication is
provided for visual identification of the relay / load status. A switching diode is
connected across the relay to neutralize the reverse EMF.
This project works with 5V regulated power supply. Power on LED is connected
for visual identification of power status.
This project uses regulated 5V, 750mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage
regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to
rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/18V step down transformer.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Title of the project : Intelligent Automatic Plant Irrigation System with water pump control based on soil moister condition
System with vehicle detector.
Domain : Embedded Systems Design
Power Supply : +5V, 500mA Regulated Power Supply
Sensors : IR pair, Solar panel
Load : Highway lighting system
Applications : Street lights, Industrial and
House Hold Applications
POWER SUPPLY:
The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The a.c. input i.e., 230V from the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier. The output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating d.c voltage. So in order to get a pure d.c voltage, the output voltage from the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any a.c components present even after rectification. Now, this voltage is given to a voltage regulator to obtain a pure constant dc voltage.
Transformer:
Usually, DC voltages are required to operate various electronic equipment and these voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these voltages cannot be obtained directly. Thus the a.c input available at the mains supply i.e., 230V is to be brought down to the required voltage level. This is done by a transformer. Thus, a step down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to a required level.
