19-01-2011, 02:23 PM
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Abstract:
Galvanic skin response (GSR), also known as electrodermal response (EDR), psychogalvanic reflex (PGR), or skin conductance response (SCR), is a method of measuring the electrical resistance of the skin. There has been a long history of electrodermal activity research, most of it dealing with spontaneous fluctuations.
In our alcohol detection system the ignition of the fuel is regulated by a sensor circuit.The sensor circuit is used to detect whether alcohol was consumed by the driver recently.
The device measures electrical resistance between 2 points, and is essentially a type of ohmmeter. The two paths for current are along the surface of the skin and through the body. Active measuring involves sending a small amount of current through the body.
Due to the response of the skin and muscle tissue to external and internal stimuli, the resistance can vary. When correctly calibrated, the GSR can measure these subtle differences. There is a relationship between sympathetic activity and emotional arousal, although one cannot identify the specific emotion being elicited. The GSR is highly sensitive to emotions in some people. Fear, anger, startle response, orienting response and sexual feelings are all among the emotions which may produce similar GSR responses. These reactions have allowed lie detectors to have some success
At present drunken drivers have increased enormously and so is the deaths due to drunken drivers. The main reason for driving drunk is that the police are not able to check each and every car and even if they catch any one the police can be easily bribed. So there is a need for a effective system to check drunken drivers.In our alcohol detection system the ignition of the fuel is regulated by a sensor circuit.The sensor circuit is used to detect whether alcohol was consumed by the driver recently.Our design also consists of a blood pulse rate sensor which is used to check whether
Introduction:
Though there are laws to punish drunken drivers they cannot be fully utilized as police cannot stand on every road corner to check each and every car driver whether he has drink or not. So there is a necessity to develop a efficient alcohol detector system.This is combined with Skin response meter and accordingly detect.
A transient change in certain electrical properties of the skin, associated with the sweat gland activity and elicited by any stimulus that evokes an arousal or orienting response. Originally termed the psychogalvanic reflex, this phenomenon became known as the galvanic skin response. Electrodermal response (EDR) has replaced galvanic skin response as the collective term.
In our alcohol detection system the ignition circuit is controlled by interfacing a set of sensors, logic circuit and a micro processor. We know that the ignition key of a vehicle has to be turned in two steps, one for switching on the electrical circuit and second step for cranking the engine.
The device GSR measures electrical resistance between 2 points, and is essentially a type of ohmmeter. The two paths for current are along the surface of the skin and through the body. Active measuring involves sending a small amount of current through the body.
Due to the response of the skin and muscle tissue to external and internal stimuli, the resistance can vary. When correctly calibrated, the GSR can measure these subtle differences. There is a relationship between sympathetic activity and emotional arousal, although one cannot identify the specific emotion being elicited. The GSR is highly sensitive to emotions in some people. Fear, anger, startle response, orienting response and sexual feelings are all among the emotions which may produce similar GSR responses. These reactions have allowed lie detectors to have some success.
DESIGN OF ALCOHOL SENSOR
The basic principle of alcohol sensor is that potassium dichromate salt changes its colour
when it reacts with alcohol. This is the principle of the alcohol detectors used by police.
Initially the potassium dichromate is in orange color which when reacts with alcohol it
turns green. This color change is detected by a photo sensor which generates signal as per
the change of color.
Description of truth table
• So if CO2 is detected and alcohol is is absent then power supply from battery
reaches the spark plug.
• If both alcohol and CO2 is detected then the supply from the battery will not
reach the spark plug.
• If both are undetected then also there will be no supply to the spark plug
CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE.
In this case a solenoid actuated needle is inserted into the spring nozzle which is
controlled by the signal from the micro processor. So when logic 0 is detected the needle will be fully inserted and no fuel spray takes place else normal operation is carried out.
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION FOR ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM WHILE
STARTING
1. The driver puts the ignition key and gives the first step turn. This closes the
electrical circuit of the car.
2. The solenoid port opens and the mask is dropped down, at the same time the salt inlet port of alcohol testing chamber is opened and exit port is closed.
3. The driver exhales into the mask.
4. Air reaches the testing chamber and detection process is carried out.
5. Depending upon the output the engine is cranked.
DETECTION OF ALCOHOL DURING DRIVING
The fact used in this process is that on consumption of alcohol the pulse rate
decreases. But the pulse rate varies significantly for different persons. So after intial testing the pulse rate of the person is recorded using pulse sensors. The pulse sensors consist of very sensitive miniature piezo flim which gets deflected by the blood pulses.The number of pulses per minute is recorded by a counter circuit . The initial reading is taken as reference and periodic checks are made by the sensors, if there is significant reduction is pulse rate then the car stops.
DESIGN OF PULSE SENSORS
The pulse sensors consist of the piezo electric transducers. The piezo electric
transducer can sense small mechanical vibrations produced by the blood pulse which is sent to the microprocessor. The piezo film was attached to the wrist with cloth athletic tape. The sensor was placed over the pulse point as shown in Figure. The adhesive on this tape is designed to be attached to the skin, and is breathable. It's a fairly weak adhesive which also allows the tape to be removed without damage to the piezo element. We know that when a person gets drunk his pulse rate decreases. This principle is used in the detection process while driving. However the pulse rate may vary from person to person so when the driver has passed the test at the time of starting the car, his pulse rate is noted
as the reference pulse rate. The pulse rate is then periodically checked and if there is a drastic decrease in the pulse rate the car stops and to start the car he has to go through the process again.
ADVANTAGES
1. It helps in reducing road accident at a large extent.
2. It eradicates the inconvenience caused when a driver is pulled down by the police
the check whether he has consumed alcohol.
3. The time taken for the test is maximum ten seconds
4. The cost for installation is very cheap.
5. Huge alteration in design of the car is not required.
CONCLUSION
Thus a design to efficiently check drunken driving has been developed. By implementing this design a safe car journey is possible decreasing the accident rate due to drinking. By implementing this design drunken drivers can be controlled so are the accidents due to drunken driving. Government must enforce laws to install such circuit is every car which are already on road and must regulate all car companies to preinstall such mechanisms while manufacturing the car itself. If this is achieved the deaths due to drunken drivers can be brought to zero percent.
INTERFACING THE CONTROL CIRCUIT TO THE IGNITION CIRCUIT
The battery supplies large power to the spark plug so direct interfacing of the logic circuit will burn the IC’s. so relay switches are used. The battery circuit consist of a NC relay switch. The NC switch is controlled by a solenoid which is energized by the signals from the logic circuit. The power for energizing the coils is obtained by amplifying the IC signals using a transistor.The microprocessor is programmed with a The microprocessor is programmed with a time program for a duration of ten seconds such that at the end of the program the microprocessor automatically opens the ignition circuit. Now when the logic circuit gives output as logic 1 the micro processor’s program is brought to a end without any result so the NC is left undisturbed. When no signal is obtained from the logic circuit that’s logic zero, the processor’s program runs fully and at the end of the program the solenoid of the NC is energized which pulls the NC switch off the circuit so the circuit is opened. Due to this the engine will not crank.
Components:
Microcontroller
The MCU utilized in the sensor is the Texas Instruments MSP430F1232. This chip was hosen for its ultra-low standby current of 0.1 !A in power-down interrupt mode using the RC timer and 0.7 !A in deep sleep mode using the 32 kHz crystal for timing, versatile interface and clock capability, onboard 10-bit ADC, and fast CPU.
Power
The sensor module can be powered by a variety of external sources, such as batteries or solar cells, that supply voltages from 2.5 V to 12 V.
Sensors
With various forms of digital I/O and analog inputs, the TI MSP430 can interface to practically any type of sensor. As a demonstration, however, the sensor module utilizes a Freescale MMA7260Q MEMS 3-axis accelerometer with 1.5 g sensitivity and built-in signal conditioning.
Transceiver
The transceiver used in the sensor module is the Nordic Semiconductor ASA nRF2401. This radio is optimized for low-power operation and features a 0.4 !A standby mode (register retention) and fast 3ms settling and calibration time.
NEED FOR CO2 SENSOR.
Initially the color of potassium di chromate is orange. When the driver is not drunken there will be no reaction taking place so there will be no change is color, if the driver is drunken there will be change in color. There is also one more instance in which the driver does not breathe in at all so there will be no change in color. If such is a case then the design is not fool proof. So inorder to overcome this defect,CO2 sensors are installed in the system.
CERAMIC SENSORS
CO2 can be sensed by a ceramic sensor. The circuit consist of a testing chamber which consist of a ceramic sensor which detects the presence of CO2. The sensor consist of a
ceramic material like zirconia which compares the carbon-di-oxide level in the test
chamber with that of pre programmed value and generates votage as per the co2 content which is sent to the logic circuit.
PHOTOSENSOR
A photo sensor is a device which can differentiate colors. Depending upon the variation in wavelength emitted by the object the photo sensor produces various electrical signals.Depending upon the electrical signal the ignition can be controlled.
DESIGN OF LOGIC CIRCUIT
The various possibilities arising the above circuit are
1. The driver is not drunken.
2. The driver is drunken
3. The driver does not exhale into the mask at all.
THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
2.1 GENERAL
In this chapter, the 8051 family, 8051 assembly language programming, loop and I/O port programming, 8051 addressing modes, arithmetic instructions, 8051 hardware connection and Intel hex file have been discussed.
2.2 THE 8051 FAMILY
In 1981, Intel Corporation introduced an 8-bit microcontroller called the 8051. This microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip ROM, two timers, one serial port, and four ports (each 8-bits wide) all on a single chip. The 8051 is an 8-bit processor, meaning that the CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to broken into 8-bit pieces to be processed by the CPU. The 8051 has a total of four I/O ports, each 8 bits wide. Although the 8051 can have a maximum of 64K bytes of on-chip ROM, many manufacturers have put only 4K bytes on the chip. There are different flavors of the 8051 in terms of speed and amount of on-chip ROM, but they are all compatible with the original 8051 as far as the instructions are concerned. The various members of the 8051 family are 8051 microcontroller, 8052 microcontroller and 8031 microcontroller.
2.2.1 8051 Microcontroller
The 8051 is the original member of the 8051 family. Figure 2.1 shows the block diagram of the 8051 microcontroller. The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bittimer/counters, five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, and on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
Port 0
Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed low- order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification.
Port 1
Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.
Port 2
Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.
Port 3
Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffer scan sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51
RST
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.
ALE/PROG
Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.
PSEN
Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.
EA/VPP
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt VPP.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. Oscillator Characteristics XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 1. Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven
There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.
2.2.3 Programming of Microcontroller 8051
We are using embedded C programming language to program the central unit i.e. microcontroller 8051, so that it performs the specific task according to the requirement.
Need of C:
Compiler produces hex file that we download into ROM of microcontroller. The size of hex file produced by compiler is one of the main concerns of microcontroller programmers for two reasons:
1. Microcontroller has limited on -chip ROM
2. The code space for 8051 is limited to 64 KB
Programming in assembly language is tedious and time consuming. C is a high level programming language that is portable across many hardware architectures.
So for following reasons we use C:
1. It is easier and less time consuming to write in C than assembly.
2. C is easier to modify and update.
3. You can use code available in function libraries.
4. C code is portable to other microcontrollers with little or no modification.
We use reg51.h as a header file as “#include <reg51.h>”. These files contain all the definitions of the 80C51 registers. This file is included in your project and will be assembled together with the compiled output of your C program.
C data types for 8051:
1. Unsigned char is 8-bit data type ranging 0-255 (0-FFH)
2. Signed char is 8-bit data type that uses most significant bit to represent the – or + value. We have only 7-bits for the magnitude of the signed numbers giving us values from -128 to +127.
3. Unsigned int is 16-bit data type ranging 0-65535(0-FFFFH).
4. Signed int is 16-bit data type that uses most significant bit to represent the – or + value. We have only 15-bits for the magnitude of the signed numbers giving us values from -32768 to +32767.
Sbit is a keyword designed to access single bit addressable registers. It allows to the single bits of the SFR registers. We can use sbit to access the individual bits of the ports as “Sbit mybit=P1^0”. This controls the D0 of port P1. Bit data type allows access to the single bits of bit - addressable memory spaces 20-2FH. Sfr, the bit data type is used for the bit addressable section of RAM space 20-2FH. Bitwise operators are AND (&), OR (|), EX-OR (^), Inverter (~), Shift Right (>>) and Shift left (<<).
Electrodes
We fabricated our own electrodes using o-rings and wire from lab. Although not ideal, we found that our design gave superb readings for our purposes. We have 2 electrodes that are placed at the distal phalanges of the index and middle finger. The electrodes are then connected to the ends of the wheatstone bridge.
LCD
The LCD is connected to the Mega32 through the PortC pins as was done in Lab 1. The pin connections are shown in Lab 1 which can be reached through the reference section. The LCD is the interface between the user and the various skin conductance programs within the MCU.
Pushbuttons
The pushbuttons are connected to PortA of the Mega32. They allow the user to control the different settings of our design. If pressed, the pushbutton is shorted to a ground connection and an output low signal is seen by the Mega32.
Mega32
We used the Mega32 for analog-digital conversion, reading inputs from pushbuttons, and outputting to the LCD.
Power source
We powered our design using a 9V battery that was regulated down to 5V for the purposed of the Mega32. We did not use power from a wall socket, as any path connecting a human being to the power grid was an unacceptable safety hazard for this lab.
DETECTION OF ALCOHOL DURING DRIVING
The fact used in this process is that on consumption of alcohol the pulse rate
decreases. But the pulse rate varies significantly for different persons. So after intial testing the pulse rate of the person is recorded using pulse sensors. The pulse sensors consist of very sensitive miniature piezo flim which gets deflected by the blood pulses.The number of pulses per minute is recorded by a counter circuit . The initial reading is taken as reference and periodic checks are made by the sensors, if there is significant reduction is pulse rate then the car stops.
Antitheft:
An anti-theft system is any device or method used to prevent or deter the unauthorized appropriation of items considered valuable. Theft is one of the most common and oldest criminal behaviours. Where the ownership of a physical possession can be altered without the rightful owner's consent, theft prevention has been introduced to assert the ownership whenever the rightful owner is physically absent. Anti-theft systems have been around since individuals began stealing other people's property and have evolved accordingly to thwart increasingly complex methods of theft. From the invention of the first lock and key to the introduction of RFID tags and biometric identification, anti-theft systems have evolved to match the introduction of new inventions to society and the resulting theft of them by others.
Equally varied are the methods developed for theft prevention. Anti-theft systems have evolved to counter new theft techniques as they have appeared in society. The choice for a particular anti-theft system is dependent on several factors:
In addition to the initial acquisition cost of an item, the cost of replacement or recovery from its theft is usually considered when considering the cost of installing an anti-theft system. This cost estimation usually determines the maximum cost of the anti-theft system and the need to secure it. Expensive items will generally be secured with higher-cost anti-theft systems, while low-cost items will generally be secured at low cost. Insurance companies will often mandate a minimum type of anti-theft system as part of the conditions for insurance. All you have to do to is get it built into the car and when the engine is off the car will lock itself if forgotten.
Ease of Use
Security is often compromised through the lax application of theft-prevention practices and human nature in general. The ideal anti-theft device requires no additional effort while using the secured item, without reducing the level of security. In practice, users of security systems may intentionally reduce the effectiveness of an anti-theft system to increase its usability (see passwords). For example, home security systems will often be enabled and disabled using easy-to-remember codes such as "1111" or "123", instead of more secure combinations.
Software
1. Keil u-Vision 3.0
4.1 Keil Software is used provide you with software development tools for 8051 based microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate embedded applications for virtually every 8051 derivative. The supported microcontrollers are listed in the µ-vision . Keil (IDE) MicroVision3
Keil Software development tools are used to create products for practically every industry: consumer electronics, industrial control, networking, office automation, automotive, space exploration. Micro Vision Two is a second generation IDE that simplifies project development and application testing. With Micro Vision Two, we can easily create embedded applications in a mixture of C and assembly. Real-time applications benefit from our highly optimized C libraries and real-time kernels.
MicroVision3 provides a centralized front-end interface for the compiler, assembler, linker, debugger, and other development tools. The Project Window in MicroVision3 displays the current target, groups, and source files that comprise our project. Rather than creating a single target for each project, MicroVision2allows multiple targets for each project file. So, with a single project file, we can create a target for simulating, a target for our emulator, and a production target for programming into EPROM {E-PROM}.
Each target is composed of one or more groups which are in turn composed of one or more source files. Groups let us divide the source files into functional blocks or assign source files to different team members. Options may be configured at each level of the project. This gives us a great deal of freedom and flexibility when organizing our application. In addition to the on-line help, MicroVision3 provides on-line versions of the development tool manuals as well as the device manuals.
Keil C Compilers are based on the ANSI standard and include extensions necessary to support the 8051, 251, and 166 microcontroller families. The optimizer in our compiler is tuned for each specific architecture and provides the highest level of code density and execution speed.
The Keil C compilers give full us control over our embedded platform. We decide which register banks are used, when to access certain memory areas, which variables are stored in bits, when and how to use special function registers, and so on. Without ever writing any assembly code we may even write interrupt service routines in C. Code generated by the Keil C Compiler compares with that of a professional assembly programmer. This is due to the level of optimizations that are performed. One such optimization is global register optimization.
By analyzing which registers are used in each function, the compiler can better optimize register usage program-wide and generate smaller, faster programs. This is accomplished by iterative compilation steps during the make process.
The MicroVision3 debugger is designed to make testing your programs as efficient as possible. While editing and debugging your programs, text and code attributes are displayed in the source window. As you step through your program, the current line is marked with a yellow arrow. Code coverage shows you which lines of your program have been executed. Green means the line has been run. Grey means is has not.
Breakpoints are clearly marked in the source window. Red for enabled, white for disabled. These attributes make following program flow easier than ever. The features of the Micro Vision Two debugger don’t stop there. When simulating your programs, you not only get source-level, symbolic simulation. You also get on-chip peripheral simulation. Dialog boxes display the condition of all peripherals and on-chip components.
Proteus: is a software technology that allows creating clinical executable decision support guidelines with little effort.
A software tool that allows creating and executing clinical decision support guidelines using the Proteus approach is available. The tool called Protean may be downloaded from here. Protean allows creating new guidelines or editing existing ones very easily. Much of the editing is done by dragging and dropping.
The Proteus guidelines are created with modular entities called Knowledge Components (KCs). Each KC represents a clinical activity and is available to the clinician as a module of executable knowledge with its own intelligence.
• Experts at remote locations may manage individual KCs, keeping them in sync with the current medical concepts, while the clinicians automatically get the state-of-the-art executable knowledge. This is akin to opening a web page using a hyperlink; the user gets the fresh content by clicking on the same URL when the author of the web page updates it. Unlike a web page however, the Proteus KCs are executable knowledge and not passive information. Each guideline may have many KCs, each being updated by a different expert or a group of experts.
The intelligent decision-making in the KC comes from the Inference Tools in the Proteus approach. Any thing that can make the inferences that a KC needs can be declared its inference tool. Simple software algorithms, sophisticated artificial intelligence tools or even remote human experts can be specified as inference tools for KCs. The inference tool can be as easily swapped as they can be declared. Therefore, if a tool with better inferencing capabilities becomes available, it can be used to replace the previous one in a few simple steps.
Applications Area
Incontinence
This simple biofeedback device can quickly teach children to wake up when their bladders are full and to contract the urinary sphincter and relax the detrusor muscle, preventing further urine release. Through classical conditioning, sensory feedback from a full bladder replaces the alarm and allows children to continue sleeping without urinating.
EEG
EEG as analogous to the ECG and introduced the term elektenkephalogram. EEG had diagnostic and therapeutic promise in measuring the impact of clinical interventions. Berger showed that these potentials were not due to scalp muscle contractions.
Summary:
GSR consist of a relatively small change in large static level of skin resistance,it is necessary to cancel a large portion of initial resistance level to obtain an accurate measure of change that is of interest. This Project consist of GSM modem and Sensors to sense the consumed alcohol and message is conveyed via GSM modem. Thus a design to efficiently check drunken driving has been developed. By implementing this design a safe car journey is possible decreasing the accident rate due to drinking. By implementing this design drunken drivers can be controlled so are the accidents due to drunken driving. Government must enforce laws to install such circuit is every car which are already on road and must regulate all car companies to preinstall such mechanisms while manufacturing the car itself. If this is achieved the deaths due to drunken drivers can be brought to zero percent.
