06-01-2011, 02:42 PM
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INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
In this project our object is to develop a “Biomedical Monitoring System” that is capable to transmit the patient’s heartbeat collected by microcontroller unit and display it on the LCD.
SCOPE OF PROJECT
This project is very useful for continuous monitoring of the patient’s heartbeats this is a very useful product in hospital
BASIC COMPONENTS REQUIRED
Components required in this project are as follows:
1. 8-bit Microcontroller (89c2051).
2. Operation Amplifier LM 358.
3. Encoder IC HT 12E.
4. 16x2 LCD.
5. Buzzer.
6. Voltage regulator 78XX.
7. Resistors, Capacitors, Diode (IN 4007).
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO AT89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER:
When we have to learn about a new computer we have to familiarize about the machine capability we are using, and we can do it by studying the internal hardware design (devices architecture), and also to know about the size, number and the size of the registers.
A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller.
89C2051:
The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the AT89C2051 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89C2051 provides the following standard features: 2K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 15 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, a precision analog comparator, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C2051 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
In spite of the improvement of communication page link and despite all progress in advanced communication technologies, There is still very few functioning commercial Wireless
Monitoring Systems, which are most off-line, and there are still a number of issues to deal with.
Therefore, there is a strong need for investigating the possibility of design and implementation of an interactive real-time wireless communication system. In our project, a generic real-time wireless communication system was designed and developed for short and long term remote patient-monitoring applying wireless protocol. The primary function of this system is to monitor the temperature and Heart Beat of the Patient and the Data collected by the sensors are sent to the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller transmits the data over the air.
At the receiving end a receiver is used to receive the data and it is decoded and fed to Microcontroller, which is then displayed over the LCD display. If there is a dangerous change in patient's status an alarm is also sounded.
CONCLUSION
The greatest learning experience in this project comes from the design and construction of “PC Based Appliance Controller” which answer a lot of questions regarding the real implementation of embedded system, Microcontroller, LCD.
During the development of our project we studied and analyzed many real world applications
of Electronics and Software Engineering. Some of the theoretical knowledge that was inculcated in us within our engineering program, which we have applied practically, is:
1. Use of voltage regulation and filtering in power supply.
2. Study of LCD.
3. Study of Microcontroller.
