Radio Frequency based Real time Child monitoring and alarm system
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1. ABSTRACT
RF communications find great applications in our daily. It has got increased priority in security systems, communications, automations etc. The proposed project is a RF based child monitoring system which is practically reliable and easy to install. Radio Frequency based real time “Child monitoring and alarm system” helps in monitoring the child by the parents. The device monitors the child and produces an alert signal when ever the child passes a certain distance i.e. for instance the system can be designed such that it produces an alarm when ever the child crosses the compound wall of the house.
This consists of a Radio Frequency (RF) Transmitter and Receiver. Both the receiver and transmitter are small portable devices. The Receiver is present with the parents and the transmitter part is carried out with the child. RF Transmitter with the child continuously transmits the RF signal to the RF Receiver. If the child leaves the parents and goes out of predefined boundary (say 50 meters) then the RF Receiver with the parents will produce an alarm/buzzer such that the parents can become concisions and take immediate reaction.
This system is particularly designed to avoid the increasing number of kidnaps when the children are playing in the balcony or in the premises of the living area. When ever the child is being taken away or unknowingly he was leaving the house premises the parents can be alerted in time.
The major building blocks of this project are:-
• Regulated Power Supply for Microcontroller
• Sound generating module.
• Microcontroller.
• RF transmitter.
• RF receiver.
2. Introduction
Why use C?

The C language was development at Bell Labs in the early 1970’s by Dennis
Ritchie and Brian Kernighan. One of the first platforms for implementation was
the PDP-11 running under a UNIX environment.
Since its introduction, it has evolved and been standardized throughout the
computing industry as an established development language. The PC has
become a cost effective development platform using C++ or other favored
versions of the ANSI standard.
C is a portable language intended to have minimal modification when
transferring programs from one computer to another. This is fine when working
with PC’s and mainframes, but Microcontrollers and Microprocessors are
different breed. The main program flow will basically remain unchanged, while
the various setup and port/peripheral control will be micro specific. An
example of this is the port direction registers on a PICmicro®MCU are set
1=Input 0=Output, whereas the H8 is 0=Input and 1=Output.
The use of C in Microcontroller applications has been brought about by
manufacturers providing larger program and RAM memory areas in addition
to faster operating speeds.
An example quoted to me – as a non believer – was: to create a stopclock
function would take 2/3 days in C or 2 weeks in assembler.
‘Ah’ I hear you say as you rush to buy a C compiler – why do we bother to
write in assembler? It comes down to code efficiency – a program written in
assembler is typically 80% the size of a C version. Fine on the larger program
memory sized devices but not so efficient on smaller devices. You pay the
money and take you PIC!!
8
PC Based vs. PICmicro®MCU Based Program
Development
Engineers starting development on PC based products have the luxury of
basic hardware pre-wired (i.e., keyboard, processor, memory, I/O, printer and
visual display (screen)). The product development then comes down to writing
the software and debugging the errors.
Those embarking on a PIC based design have to create all the interfaces to
the outside world in the form of input and output hardware.
A PC programmer could write the message “Hello World” and after compiling,
have the message displayed on the screen. The PIC programmer would have
to build an RS232 interface, set up the comm. port within the PIC, and attach
the development board to a comm. Port on a PC to enable the message to
be viewed.
‘Why bother’ I hear you say (and so did I). It comes down to portability of the
end product. If we could get the whole of a PC in a 40 pin DIL package
(including monitor and keyboard) we would use it; today’s miniaturization does
not reach these limits. We will continue to use Microcontrollers like the PIC for
low cost and portable applications.
The development tools for PIC based designs offer the developer basically the
same facilities as the PC based development with the exception of the
graphics libraries.
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