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AUTOMATIC METER READING SYSTEM
Contents
Issues with stand alone metering
Smart Metering and IT: An opportunity to Leapfrog
Critical Benefits from AMRS
Definition
AMR network architecture
GSM Based Communication
PLCC based Communication
Network Architecture/Hybrid Communication
Primary components
PLCC / GSM Modem
Inbound Outbound Dialing
Advantages
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Presented By
Rajeev Bapat
Mohit Atale
Nitin Sapale
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AMR ARCHITECTURE
PRIMARY COMPONENTS:
• Meter Interface Module
• Communication System
• Central Office Equipment
Meter interface module
– The AMR system starts at the meter. Some means of translating readings from rotating meter dials, or cyclometer style meter dials, into digital form is necessary in order to send digital metering data from the customer site to a central point.
– Electro - optical interface
– Signal Processing Electronics
– RAM & Program Memory
Retrofit Card
• Consists of a single PCB, which converts CF pulses of Electronic Energy Meters to Electrical pulses, accumulate them and generate a meter reading with help of Microprocessor.
• Microprocessor converts this data into Power Line Modulation.
• Existing Meter Reading, Meter Constant and Meter ID is stored in NV RAM of Micro controller, before Retrofit is made operational.
• One unit is incremented when Retrofit senses the pulses equal to Meter constant.
• The incremented unit are stored in the NV RAM of the Micro controller.
Communications systems
Used for the transmission, or telemetry, of data and control send signals between the meter interface units and the central office.
1. GSM Based Communication
Single stage communication between Meter and central station through GSM Modem
2. PLCC Based Communication
Single stage communication between Meter and central station through electricity network
• GSM Based Communication
• GSM modem
• Antenna
GSM Modem
• Dual Band or Triband GSM GPRS modem (EGSM 900/1800MHz) / (EGSM 900/1800 / 1900 MHz )
• Designed for GPRS, data, fax, SMS and voice applications
• Fully compliant with ETSI GSM Phase 2+ specifications (Normal MS)
Interfaces
• RS-232 through D-TYPE 9 pin connector
• Power supply through Molex 4 pin connector
• SMA antenna connector
• Toggle spring SIM holder
• Red LED Power on
• Green LED status of GSM / GPRS module
GSM Network In AMR
• Utilizing an existing cellular network for data transportation requires no additional equipment or software, resulting in a significant savings in both time and capital.
• Cellular technology utilizes an encryption technique to prevent an outside source from receiving the transmitted data.
• The cellular network provides full two-way communications, allowing scheduled reads, demand reads, alarm and event reporting, power outage reporting and power restoration reporting.
Data Concentrator Unit (DCU)
• The Data Concentrator sits on the loop of secondary of the distribution transformer. Collects meter readings from all the meters using Power Line Communication System at predefined intervals.
• The DCU and all the meters connected to it can be considered as a sub-system of the HCS. The sub-system is set up with a DCU monitoring the low voltage power zone downstream of a Distribution Transformer.
Power Line Carrier Communications
• Most economically viable technology for transferring Meter data to DCU.
• Uses the technique of communicating the data over existing Electrical Lines which carry LT power to the site.
• Employs an ASIC, which accepts digital data & converts it into FSK modulation and transmits it over the power line by sensing a zero crossing of 220V sine wave.
• Typical frequency used for frequency modulation is 132KHz.
• PLCC Schematics
Central office systems
• Central office systems equipment includes:
– Modems
– Central server
– Client Software for data acquisition and data analysis
Selection Of Communication
• PLCC Best Suited for LT 440 V network for detecting outages, tamper events and performing remote disconnect
• Uses same power lines as communication media, so ideally suited for rural/ agricultural connections
• Communication on HT side can be implemented via a choice of GSM, CDMA, RF or PSTN
• Meter Data Analysis & Energy Accounting
Metering Billing Operations Customer Service
• Network Schematic Modelling: Modelling the physical network structure (substation, HT Feeder, Transformer, LT Feeder) & keeping it updated as changes occur.
Handle Feeder Switching scenarios for Energy Accounting:
– From One LT feeder to another on the same transformer
– From One distribution Transformer to another distribution transformer, but with the same LT feeder
– From One HT feeder to another HT feeder but through the same DT and LT feeder
• Reports/Analysis
– Identifying customers with tampered meters or zero readings.
– Monitoring the energy consumed /supplied and energy accounts /reconciliation over a particular duration
• by customer category
• by network device (LT Feeder, transformer, HT Feeder, Substation)
• by geographical area (zone, circle, division, subdivision)
– Monitoring the maximum demand, voltage levels, current, power consumption/ load on each meter.
• Can calculate Max demand of LT / HT feeder, Transformer & Substation
– Abnormal consumption report
– Ability to build ad-hoc reports without having to know any programming language or query language.
• Energy Balance Report
• Areas of High Loss Report
• Consumption trends Report
• Advantages Of AMR System
CUSTOMER BENEFITS
• Precise consumption information
• Clear and accurate billing
• Automatic outage information and faster recovery
• Better and faster customer service
• Flag potential high consumption before customer gets a high bill.
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presented by:
ritika Sharma
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introduction
The meaning of AMR:
Automatic meter reading (AMR) is the collection of, at a remote central location, data from consumption meters located at customers’ premises via telecommunication links.
The meters could measure gas, water or electricity flow. These links could be Telephone lines, powerline carrier communication (PLCC), Radio frequency CATV etc.
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is a telephone-based, calling outbound system, for utility control and reliable, low-cost meter reading.
With the use of AMR, the need of a person to visit the consumer’s site and record the readings of the meters is eliminated. This also prevents human errors in recording the reading
What’s AMR
AMR brings significant benefits to the customer by providing increased meter-reading accuracy, fewer estimated bills, rapid response to read requests, automatic leak detection and billing options and provids detailed usage information about individual sites, which allows the utility to offer variable rates and encourage price-responsive behavior among customers.
AMR improves operational management by providing just-in-time meter replacement, tamper detection, remote access, and automatic scheduling of meter reading. In short, AMR will optimize cost savings and maximize efficiency.
Rf based Amr technology
Radio frequency(RF) network-
There are
Two-way RF systems (wake up system)
One-way RF systems(continuous broadcast system)
Hybrid system(combination of one-way and two-way technologies) in use.
Two-way systems
A radio transceiver normally sends a signal to a particular transmitter serial number, telling it to wake up from a resting state and transmit its data.
The Meter attached transceiver and the reading transceiver both send and receive radio signals and data.
One-way systems
The transmitter broadcasts readings continuously every few seconds. This means the reading device can be a receiver only, and the meter AMR device a transmitter only.
Data goes one way, from the meter AMR transmitter to the meter reading receiver.
Hybrid systems
It combines one-way and two-way technologies, using one-way communication for reading and two way communication for programming functions.
Description of RF based amr
Originally AMR devices just collected meter readings electronically & matched them with accounts.
As technology has advanced, additional data could then be captured, stored, and transmitted to the main computer, and often the metering devices could be controlled remotely.
This can include events alarms such as tamper, leak detection, low battery, or reverse flow.
Many AMR devices can also capture interval data, and log meter events.
Radio frequency based AMR can take many forms. The more common one are Handheld, Mobile, and Fixed network.
Amr working
It comprises of two units-
• Transmitter unit-
The data is send from transmitter unit to receiver
unit via RF channel.
• Receiver unit-
Transmitted data is received by antenna situated
at the receiver unit.
Block diagram of transmitter unit
Block diagram of receiver unit
Benefits of amr
Reduced meter reading costs.
Ability to access difficult-to-read meters.
Improved customer service.
Reduced percentage of estimated bills.
Improved meter reader safety.
Implementation of real-time pricing.
Reduced read-to-bill time.
Distribution automation.
Amr over conventional meter reading
Obtain more easily initial and final meter readings for opening and closing accounts.
Streamline high bill investigations.
Help pinpoint system losses.
Help detect theft of service.
Enable more frequent readings with little incremental cost.
Enable custom billing dates.
Support customized rates (e.g. for large customers).
Provide detailed consumption information to customers.
Provide watchdog service, like leakage monitoring.
Improve revenue forecasting by tying detailed consumption information to production data and expected billings.
Reduce bill adjustments.
Meters can be read even in case the homes are locked.
Amr functions and features
Time of Use and Meter Reading
Self-diagnostic and Status Reporting
Networking and System Hierarchy
Data Communication and Other Functions
Compatibility with water and gas metering systems
Use of Ethernet LAN/ Internet for Remote Meter Reading and Data Management.
conclusion
Since automatic meter reading is all about “Reading a utility meter without the requirement for visual inspection of the meter”, it is indeed an easy and fail-safe method for monitoring consumption details of a customer.
Automatic Meter Reading can detect meter tampering and illegal drawing of power (hooking/power pilfering).
AMR as a way of improving customer service while reducing the cost of reading meters.
The Automatic Meter Reading system enables us to save millions of dollars every year in meter reading costs and also provide our customers with better information about water use, more accurate billings, and keep rates as low as possible.
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i have no idea how to make a good abstract so can u plz help me.
my topic is Automatic meter readind.
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