24-06-2011, 10:32 AM
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Highly Person dependant.
Human errors cannot be avoided.
Energy Audits performed based on bill collection which is highly inaccurate.
Billing done mainly on estimated/ monthly average basis
Inability to monitor and control discrete loads
Billing cycle requires excessive time.
Meter data used only for billing, cannot help in analysis like demand analysis, energy audit, pinpointing losses, etc.
ABSTRACT
Automatic meter reading is needed to provide benefits to customer,
utilities and government and Automatic meter reading advantage include
Real time pricing
Automated billing
Remote connect / disconnect
Reducing peak demand for energy
EXISTING METHOD
Power line communication
Message over GSM network
Telephone lines
Radio frequency (blue tooth, WI-FI, Zigbee)
1.Power line communication
Advantage:
support large network Cabling is already available
Disadvantage:
limited band width
Noisy medium, high signal attenuation
Susceptibility to interference from near by device
2. Message over GSM network
3. Telephone lines
Advantage:
highly reliable, inexpensive
Disadvantage:
More telephone lines required
4. Radio frequency (blue tooth, WI-FI, Zigbee)
Advantage:
Highly reliable, inexpensive
Disadvantage:
Security problem
METER DATA USING WIRELESS NETWORKS
To develop a means of translating readings from meter dials into digital form, to send digital metering data from the customer site to a central point without data failure.
The digital metering data is available at the power station (Main Server) at all times, based on the data available billing, customer consumption , consumption pattern and various security measures etc can be carried out with data available.
METER DATA USING WIRELESS NETWORKS
Thousands of nodes (measuring device) forms a Pico network, data are fused and delivered to Sub server (Sub station) then transferred to centralized location (Main Server).
A suitable protocol is used that suits for AMR.
End to end connection require addressing every node and results in high end to end delay instead we go for hop by hop reliability .
Reliability is achieved using heterogeneous node as cluster head instead of homogeneous node
METER DATA USING WIRELESS NETWORKS
Traffic load is reduced by means of data aggregation.
Fault detection protocol to find node failures.
AMR technical requirements reliability, scalability, real time communication, security.
Data collection through – fixed scheduling, event-driven, demand- driven
