2-D DFT of two dimensional finite extent sequences.

2-D DFT and Convolution
The DFT can be computed with a fast algorithm and it is sometimes beneficial to do the convolution of two sequences A (M1 £ N1) and B (M2 £ N2) via point DFTs. Speed improvements are only possible if both sequences have large dimensions. Otherwise convolutions are better implemented via the convolution sum.

2-D Low-Pass Filtering of Images We will be intere ....etc

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Discovery of Periodic Patterns in Spatiotemporal Sequences- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING, VOL. 19, NO.

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Abstract—
In many applications that track and analyze spatiotemporal data, movements obey periodic patterns; the objects follow the same routes (approximately) over regular time intervals. For example, people wake up at the same time and follow more or less the same route to their work everyday. The discovery of hidden periodic patterns in spatiotemporal data could unveil important information to ....etc

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Abstract
Digital watermarking technique emerged as a tool for protecting the multimedia data from copyright infringement. In digital watermarking an imperceptible signal is embedded into the host image, which uniquely identifies the ownership. In the proposed algorithms, DNA sequence is used as a digital watermark, as the DNA sequences are unique and difficult to copy. This paper proposes two algorithms namely content based watermark algorithm using DNA sequence (CBDNA) and user specified watermark algorithm using D ....etc

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Abstract”

Fourphase codes have been widely used in radar and communication areas, but the synthesis of Four phase codes with good merit factor is a nonlinear multivariable optimization problem, which is usually difficult to tackle. To get the solution of above problem many global optimization algorithms like genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and tunneling algorithm were reported in the literature. However, there is no guarantee to get global optimum point. In this paper, a novel and efficient VLSI architectu ....etc

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Procedure:-
1) Find the length of the first sequence x=x_length
2) Find the length of the first sequence h=h_length
3) Take the circular convolution order as N
4) If x_length < N, pad enough number of zeros to x, so that the number of samples in the modified x=N
5) If h_length < N ,pad enough number of zeros to h, so that the number of samples in the modified h=N
6) Take DFT for modified x=x(k)
7) Take DFT for modified h=H(k)
8) Compute Y(K)=X(K)*H(K)
9) Compute y(n)=IDFT(Y(k))
10) Verify if y=conv(x, ....etc

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Procedure:-
1. Enter the sequence x
2. Enter the sequence y
3. Find the lengths of x and y,ie;Nx and Ny respectively
4. Check Nx=Ny:proceed if equal
5. Initialize a loop variable number of output points
6. For each out sample , access the samples of y in the cyclic order
7. Find the sum of products of x and cyclically folded and shifted y
Description:-
Steps for Cyclic Convolution
Steps for cyclic convolution are the same as the usual convolution, except all index calculations are done mod N = on ....etc

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Sequence 1:
>gi|6321538|ref|NP_011615.1| Pcp1p
MSGVSSVMLGLRPATRIFFRSNISVSPSRTFVSYIGRSQSTSILKNAPNLEDNVTNLQKIIPKRFFSQTSILKSRWKPIFNEETTNRYVRLNRFQQYQQQRSGGNPLGSMTILGLSLMAGIYFGSPYLFEHVPPFTYFKTHPKNLVYALLGINVAVFGLWQLPKCWRFLQKYMLLQKDYVTSKISIIGSAFSHQEFWHLGMNMLALWSFGTSLATMLGASNFFSLYMNSAIAGSLFSLWYPKLARLAIVGPSLGASGALFGVLGCFSYLFPHAKILLFVFPVPGGAWVAFLASVAWNAAGCALRWGSFDYAAHLGGSMMGVLYGWYISKAVEKQRQRRLQAAGRWF
Sequence 2:
>sp|P48740|MASP1_HUMAN Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 OS=Homo ....etc

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PRESENTED BY:
S ADITYA THIMMA REDDY
PUSHPAVALLI R
P VENKATA KRISHNA TEJA
S PENNA OBULAMMA


Abstract
Spread-spectrum telecommunications is a signal structuring technique that employs direct sequence, frequency hopping, or a hybrid of these, which can be used for multiple access and/or multiple functions. This technique decreases the potential interference to other receivers while achieving privacy. Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS ....etc

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Procedure:-
1. Read the input sequence, x and plot
2. Read the impulse response of the system, h and plot
3. Convolve the two results and plot them
Description:-
Linear Convolution involves the following operations.
1. Folding
2. Multiplication
3. Addition
4. Shifting
These operations can be represented by a Mathematical Expression as follows:
y =  xh

x= Input signal Samples
h= Impulse response co-efficient.
y= Convolution output.
n = No. of Input sample ....etc

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Procedure:-
1) Find the length of the first sequence x=x_length
2) Find the length of the second sequence h=h_length
3) Estimate the number of samples in the result of linear convolution of x &h=Y_length
4) If X_length 5) If h_length 6) Take DFT for modified x=x(k)
7) Take DFT for modified h=H(k)
8) ....etc

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