Long-Reach Optical Access Technologies

Abstract


A number of leading long-reach optical access technologies are examined. It gives the economic arguments behind the technologies.

1. Introduction


As broadband uptake increases globally, the services offered are becoming increasingly bandwidth-intensive. A service that continues to increase bandwidth requirements is high-definition television (HDTV), which requires in the region of 8 Mb/s per channel. For telecommunication networks to support a single channel of HDTV plus data and ....etc

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Abstract
This seminar discusses inter-technology mobility functionality being defined for emerging broadband wireless technologies and explains how this new functionality will add value to operatorâ„¢s networks. It explains the difference between various types of inter-technology mobility and then explores how LTE exploits inter-technology mobility to support a variety of access technolo- gies including 3GPP legacy technologies as well as EVDO, WiFi and WiMAX. This paper also provides examples illustrating how to use ....etc

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Abstract
A long flashover arrester (LFA), which comprises of three flashover modules using the creeping discharge effect, is described in this paper. In this design, the total arrester stressing voltage is applied simultaneously to all of the three modules so that the voltage-time characteristics of the arresters are improved. It assured reliable protection of medium voltage (e.g., 10kv) over head power line against both induced over voltages and direct lightning strokes. A single LFA per support or pole is found t ....etc

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Complementary MOS fabrication



CMOS Technology depends on using both N-Type and P-Type devices on the same chip.
The two main technologies to do this task are:
P-Well (Will discuss the process steps involved with this technology)
The substrate is N-Type. The N-Channel device is built into a P-Type well within the parent N-Type substrate. The P-channel device is built directly on the substrate.
N-Well
The substrate is P-Type. The N-channel device is built directly on the substrate, while the P-channel device is ....etc

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Submitted By :
SUNIL KUMAR TIWARI


A TOSLINK fiber optic audio cable being illuminated at one end
An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. Fiber optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communications. Fibers are used ....etc

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long gone



INTRODUCTION

long gone are the days when setting the points, checking the timing and cleaning spark plugs was all you had to do to get your car to run right. And each service center were given a workshop manuals and trouble shooting charts to diagnosis the complaints Today's cars are sensitive, computerized machines that require sophisticated equipment to diagnose and keep running in top condition. Starting in the mid 90' ....etc

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Submitted by
Ashish Kumar
Keerti Kr. Mahawar
Nishant Bansal
Nitesh Garg
Palak Kumar Jain


SIMULATION OF EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE LONG TRANSMISSION LINES
ABSTRACT
The electrical power system mainly consists of three principle divisions the generating stations, y he transmission system and the distribution system. The transmission lines are the connecting links between generating station and the distribution system and lead to other power system interconnections.
Now a day, we are using Extra High Voltage (E ....etc

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Definition

Compact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI) is an adaptation of the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) specification for industrial computer applications requiring a smaller, more robust mechanical form factor than the one defined for the desktop. CompactPCI is an open standard supported by the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturer's Group (PICMG). CompactPCI is best suited for small, high-speed industrial computing applications where transfers occur between a number of high-speed cards.

It is a high-performance indust ....etc

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Abstract
Outages of overhead power lines due to lightningstrokes are one of the main causes of shortages of electricsupplies and economic losses of power utilities. Pole-topmetal oxide arresters can protect distribution lines againstinduced over-voltages, but they can be destroyed in case ofdirect lightning stroke. Long Flashover Arresters (LFAs)have been developed and used successfully for this purposeand have no possibility of being destroyed because thecurrent flows externally along its surface. Since fieldexperience with 10 kV LFA ....etc

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plz send me slide on HALO network ....etc

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