Definition
Lasers have been considered for space communications since their realization in 1960. Specific advancements were needed in component performance and system engineering particularly for space qualified hardware. Advances in system architecture, data formatting and component technology over the past three decades have made laser communications in space not only viable but also an attractive approach into inter satellite page link applications.

Information transfer is driving the requirements to higher data rates, laser cross -link ....etc

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Intercultural communication


Practising intercultural communication
In this chapter we show that when practising intercultural communication to achieve our goals as students and as professionals we must consider a range of perspectives. We need to be sensitive to possible effects on communication of differences between cultures, explained by researchers as relating to: high-context and low-context cultures; power distance, individualism–collectivism and mas ....etc

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The Robot control using the wireless communication and the serial communication



Executive Summary
The NASA Robotics Alliance Cadets Program is being designed to be implemented at a
very low start-up cost, and to make this goal obtainable, the program is being developed
using low to no cost components from already developed, well-tested and robust
engineering testbeds.
In this project we are trying to establish both wireless communication between the mob ....etc

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Advantages of digital communication system over analog communication system
Communication systems
 The block diagram on the top shows the blocks common to all communication systems
Remember the components of a communications system:
 Input transducer: The device that converts a physical signal from source to an electrical, mechanical or electromagnetic signal more suitable for communicating
 Transmitter: The device that sends the transduced signal
 Transmission channel: The physical medium ....etc

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transmitter circuit diagram, receiver circuit diagram. and documentation. ....etc

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oekom researchâ„¢s assessment of companies according to criteria of environmental, social and cultural sustainability is challenged by scarce response by Japanese companies.After the presentation of the rating agency and its tools, this project analyses the expressed explanations both from the German and the Japanese perspective with support by Trompenaars and Galtung/ Welfords contributions.
The definition of sustainability is not static, but describes the means of the process towards a more sustainable development. The Japanese contribu ....etc

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Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. It is estimated that many countries outside of Europe will join the GSM partnership.Throughout the evolution of cellular telecommunications, various systems have been developed without the benefit of standardized s ....etc

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http://freespaceopticsfreespaceoptics/images/flightstrata_photo.jpg
Free space optical communications is a line-of-sight (LOS) technology that transmits a modulated beam of visible or infrared light through the atmosphere for broadband communications. In a manner similar to fiber optical communications, free space optics uses a light emitting diode (LED) or laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) point source for data transmission. However, in free space optics, an energy beam is collimated and transmitted t ....etc

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Definition

The European Space Agency (ESA) has programmes underway to place Satellites carrying optical terminals in GEO orbit within the next decade. The first is the ARTEMIS technology demonstration satellite which carries both microwave and SILEX (Semiconductor Laser Intro satellite Link Experiment) optical interorbit communications terminal. SILEX employs direct detection and GaAIAs diode laser technology; the optical antenna is a 25cm diameter reflecting telescope.

The SILEX GEO terminal is capable of receiving data modulated on to ....etc

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transmitter circuit and receiver circuit diagram for optical communication based counter. and documentation ....etc

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