Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
#1

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. It is estimated that many countries outside of Europe will join the GSM partnership.Throughout the evolution of cellular telecommunications, various systems have been developed without the benefit of standardized specifications. This presented many problems directly related to compatibility, especially with the development of digital radio technology.

The GSM standard is intended to address these problems. GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications define the functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware. The reason for this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to buy equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the operation and support system (OSS).

The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS). The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations.
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#2
Global System for Mobile communications
(GSM: originally from Group Special Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world.the GSM digital standard was proven to work in 1988. In GSM both signalling and speech channels are both digital call quality and hence is considered as 2G mobile phone system.This has also meant that data communication were built into the system using the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).The digital nature of GSM allows the transmission of data (both synchronous and asynchronous) to or from ISDN terminals, although the most basic service support by GSM is telephony.It utilizes digital technology and operates in 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz frequency bands except in North America where it operates in 1.9 GHz band.The GSM logo is used to identify compatible handsets and equipment .
Basic technology employed and working
GSM divides up the radio spectrum bandwidth by using a combination of Time- and Frequency Division Multiple Access (TDMA/FDMA) schemes on its 25 MHz wide frequency spectrum, dividing it into 124 carrier frequencies (spaced 200 Khz
apart). Each frequency is then divided into eight time slots using TDMA, and one or more carrier frequencies are assigned to each base station. The fundamental unit of time in this TDMA scheme is called a Ëœburst periodâ„¢ and it lasts 15/26 ms (or approx. 0.577 ms). Therefore the eight Ëœtime slotsâ„¢ are actually Ëœburst periodsâ„¢, which are grouped into a TDMA frame, which subsequently form the basic unit for the definition
of logical channels. One physical channel is one burst period per TDMA frame
Advantage to consumers
-better voice quality and low-cost alternatives to making calls, such as the SMS.
-Its universality makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world.
Advantage to operators
-ease of deploying equipment from any manufacturers that implement the GSM standard.
-offer roaming services.
Recent additions to the GSM technology
-Release ''97 of the standard added packet data capabilities, by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GPRS essentially supplements present-day circuit switched data and short message services (SMS), and serves as an enabler of mobile wireless data services, and an optimizer of the radio interface for bursty packet mode traffic.
-Release ''99 introduced higher speed data transmission using Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE).It allows data transmission speeds of 384 Kbit/s to be achieved.
Timeline of development of GSM technology
1982 CEPT establishes a GSM group in order to develop the standards for a pan-European cellular
mobile system
1985 Adoption of a list of recommendations to be generated by the group
1986 Field tests were performed in order to test the different radio techniques proposed for the air
interface
1987 TDMA is chosen as access method (in fact, it will be used with FDMA) Initial Memorandum
of Understanding signed by the telecommunication operators (representing 12 countries)
1988 Validation of the GSM system
1989 The responsibility of the GSM specifications is passed to the ETSI
1990 Appearance of the phase I of the GSM specifications
1991 Set date for the Ëœofficialâ„¢ commercial launch of the GSM service in Europe
1992 Actual launch of commercial service, and enlargement of the countries that signed the GSM “
MoU > Coverage of Larger cities / airports
1993 Coverage of main roads GSM services start outside Europe
1995 Phase II of the GSM specifications Coverage of rural areas

Seminar report pdf download:
[attachment=551]
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#3
please read http://studentbank.in/report-global-syst...ull-report for Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) semianar information and more
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#4
hey
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and http://studentbank.in/report-migration-f...ars-report and http://studentbank.in/report-gsm-using-tdma-full-report to get all latest information about gsm (Global System for Mobile Communications ) technology



i hope you enjoyed it
if yes,i welcomes you to participate in this forum discussions for helping other students issues
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#5
[attachment=3866]

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION


4.1.DEFINITION


Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz.

4.2 THE GSM NETWORK

GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications define the functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware. The reason for this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to buy equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the operation and support system (OSS). The basic GSM network elements are shown in figure 4.1











Fig 4.1 GSM Network Elements
4.2.1 The Switching System
The switching system (SS) is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber-related functions. The switching system includes the following functional units.
¢ home location register (HLR)”The HLR is a database used for storage and management of subscriptions. The HLR is considered the most important database, as it stores permanent data about subscribers, including a subscriber's service profile, location information, and activity status. When an individual buys a subscription from one of the PCS operators, he or she is registered in the HLR of that operator.
¢ mobile services switching center (MSC)”The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems. It also performs such functions as toll ticketing, network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others.
¢ visitor location register (VLR)”The VLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. The VLR is always integrated with the MSC. When a mobile station roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the mobile station from the HLR. Later, if the mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed for call setup without having to interrogate the HLR each time.
¢ authentication center (AUC)”A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption parameters that verify the user's identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The AUC protects network operators from different types of fraud found in today's cellular world.
¢ equipment identity register (EIR)”The EIR is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile stations. The AUC and EIR are implemented as stand-alone nodes or as a combined AUC/EIR node.

4.2.2 The Base Station System (BSS)

All radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which consists of base station controllers (BSCs) and the base transceiver stations (BTSs).
¢ BSC”The BSC provides all the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS. It is a high-capacity switch that provides functions such as handover, cell configuration data, and control of radio frequency (RF) power levels in base transceiver stations. A number of BSCs are served by an MSC.
¢ BTS”The BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the radio equipment (transceivers and antennas) needed to service each cell in the network. A group of BTSs are controlled by a BSC.
4.2.3 The Operation and Support System
The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS). The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations.

4.3 GSM NETWORK AREAS
The GSM network is made up of geographic areas. As shown in 4.2, these areas include cells, location areas (LAs), MSC/VLR service areas, and public land mobile network (PLMN) areas.

Fig 4.2 Network Areas
The cell is the area given radio coverage by one base transceiver station. The GSM network identifies each cell via the cell global identity (CGI) number assigned to each cell. The location area is a group of cells. It is the area in which the subscriber is paged. Each LA is served by one or more base station controllers, yet only by a single MSC (fig 4.3). Each LA is assigned a location area identity (LAI) number.


Fig 4.3 Location Areas
An MSC/VLR service area represents the part of the GSM network that is covered by one MSC and which is reachable, as it is registered in the VLR of the MSC (fig 4.4).

Fig 4.4 MSC /VLR Service Areas
The PLMN service area is an area served by one network operator(fig 4.5).

Fig 4.5 PLMN Network Areas

4.4 SPECIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR GSM

The specifications and characteristics for GSM

¢ frequency band”The frequency range specified for GSM is 1,850 to 1,990 MHz (mobile station to base station).
¢ duplex distance”The duplex distance is 80 MHz. Duplex distance is the distance between the uplink and downlink frequencies. A channel has two frequencies, 80 MHz apart.
¢ channel separation”The separation between adjacent carrier frequencies. In GSM, this is 200 kHz.
¢ modulation”Modulation is the process of sending a signal by changing the characteristics of a carrier frequency. This is done in GSM via Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK).
¢ transmission rate”GSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps.
¢ access method”GSM utilizes the time division multiple access (TDMA) concept. TDMA is a technique in which several different calls may share the same carrier. Each call is assigned a particular time slot.
¢ speech coder”GSM uses linear predictive coding (LPC). The purpose of LPC is to reduce the bit rate. The LPC provides parameters for a filter that mimics the vocal tract. The signal passes through this filter, leaving behind a residual signal. Speech is encoded at 13 kbps.
4.5 GSM SUBSCRIBER SERVICES


There are two basic types of services offered through GSM: telephony (also referred to as teleservices) and data (also referred to as bearer services). Telephony services are mainly voice services that provide subscribers with the complete capability (including necessary terminal equipment) to communicate with other subscribers. Data services provide the capacity necessary to transmit appropriate data signals between two access points creating an interface to the network. In addition to normal telephony and emergency calling, the following subscriber services are supported by GSM:
¢ dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF)”DTMF is a tone signaling scheme often used for various control purposes via the telephone network, such as remote control of an answering machine. GSM supports full-originating DTMF.
¢ facsimile group III”GSM supports CCITT Group 3 facsimile. As standard fax machines are designed to be connected to a telephone using analog signals, a special fax converter connected to the exchange is used in the GSM system. This enables a GSM“connected fax to communicate with any analog fax in the network.
¢ short message services”A convenient facility of the GSM network is the short message service. A message consisting of a maximum of 160 alphanumeric characters can be sent to or from a mobile station. This service can be viewed as an advanced form of alphanumeric paging with a number of advantages. If the subscriber's mobile unit is powered off or has left the coverage area, the message is stored and offered back to the subscriber when the mobile is powered on or has reentered the coverage area of the network. This function ensures that the message will be received.
¢ cell broadcast”A variation of the short message service is the cell broadcast facility. A message of a maximum of 93 characters can be broadcast to all mobile subscribers in a certain geographic area. Typical applications include traffic congestion warnings and reports on accidents.
¢ voice mail”This service is actually an answering machine within the network, which is controlled by the subscriber. Calls can be forwarded to the subscriber's voice-mail box and the subscriber checks for messages via a personal security code.
¢ fax mail”With this service, the subscriber can receive fax messages at any fax machine. The messages are stored in a service center from which they can be retrieved by the subscriber via a personal security code to the desired fax number.
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#6
[attachment=4059]

Global System for Mobile

Ø New rapidly expanding & successful technology.
Ø Fully Digitized technology for better speech quality.
Ø Available in almost every part of the world.
Ø Fully compatible with existing Fixed Line Network.
Ø Single number operation with World wide Roaming.
Ø Very well defined interfaces makes truly open system
Ø Encryption of user information
Ø Available versions, GSM 900, 1800 & 1900

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
BTS
Antenna
Arrangement

Ø BTS has a set of Transceivers to talk to MS.
Ø One BTS covers one or more than one cell.
Ø Capacity of BTS depends on no of Transceivers.
Ø BTS is connected to BSC via A™bis interface.
Ø Transmission rate on A™bis is 2 Mbps (G.703).
Ø Interface between MS & BTS is called Air I/f.
Ø Transmission rate on Air interface is 13 Kbps.
Ø BTS controls RF parameters of MS.
Ø Each TRx has 8 TDMA channels to carry Voice & signalling.
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#7
I need full information how to use this Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) for project and i will be glad if i can can get full support from abstract to references i mean full project write up on this topic
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#8
Thank you for the information you release i will be glad if you can give me full download of the project which i will really appreciate it. From abstract to references which am going to make you as my reference as well. I will be glad and happy if you can help me out.
Thank
guccigarner[at]gmail.com
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#9
Tongue 
[attachment=4292][attachment=4291]
ABSTRACT

Definition:
GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile communications, reigns (important) as the world’s most widely used cell phone technology. Cell phones use a cell phone service carrier’s GSM network by searching for cell phone towers in the nearby area. Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication.

GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. It is estimated that many countries outside of Europe will join the GSM partnership.
Need of GSM:
The GSM study group aimed to provide the followings through the GSM:
• Improved spectrum efficiency.
• International roaming.
• Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BS)
• High-quality speech
• Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone company services.
• Support for new services.



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#10



********************************************
 GSM, the Global System for Mobile communications, is a digital cellular communications system which has rapidly gained acceptance and market share worldwide, although it was initially developed in a European context.
 In addition to digital transmission, GSM incorporates many advanced services and features, including ISDN compatibility and worldwide roaming in other GSM networks.
 The advanced services and architecture of GSM have made it a model for future third-generation cellular systems, such as UMTS. This paper will give an overview of the services offered by GSM, the system architecture, the radio transmission structure, and the signalling functional architecture.

 Some of the basic criteria for their proposed system were
o Good subjective speech quality
o Low terminal and service cost
o Support for international roaming
o Ability to support handheld terminals
o Support for range of new services and facilities
o Spectral efficiency
o ISDN compatibility

 GSM was designed having interoperability with ISDN in mind, and the services provided by GSM are a subset of the standard ISDN services. Speech is the most basic, and most important, teleservice provided by GSM.



 System architecture
o The functional architecture of a GSM system can be broadly divided into the mobile station, the base station subsystem, and the network subsystem. Each subsystem is comprised of functional entities which communicate through the various interfaces using specified protocols.

 We will discuss about following topics in GSM Seminar.
o Mobile Station (MS)
o Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
o Base Station Controller (BSC)
o Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
o Visiting Location Register (VLR)
o Home Location Register (HLR)
o Authentication Centre (AUC)
o Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
o Operation & Maintenance Centre (OMC)
o Call Processing in GSM
o Value Added Services





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#11
This article is presented by:
Mário Jorge Leitão
Mobile Communication Systems: GSM
Global System for Mobile Communication


Overview
GSM
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#12
[attachment=7192]
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM)

BY
Arpit Sharma


Guided by
Mr. Amit Bairva


INTRODUCTION
This report explains the basic components, technologies used, and operation of GSM systems. We will discover why mobile telephone service providers have upgraded from 1st generation analog systems to more efficient and feature rich 2nd generation GSM systems. We will also discover how 2nd generation systems are gradually evolving into 3rd generation broadband multimedia systems. We will learn that the key types of GSM devices include single mode and dual mode mobile telephones, wireless PCMCIA cards, embedded radio modules, and external radio modems. We will then discover the different types of available services such as voice services, data services, group call, and messaging services. Described are the fundamental capabilities and operation of the GSM radio channel. Because the needs of voice and data communication are different, we will discover that the GSM system essentially separates circuit switched (primarily voice) and packet switched (primarily data) services. Described are key functional sections of a GSM network and how they communicate with each other. We will learn how and why GSM is evolving into 3rd generation broadband systems including GPRS, EDGE, and WCDMA. The term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency spectrum around 900MHz. There is also DCS1800 - GSM protocols but at different air frequencies around 1800 MHz - and in the United States, where spectrum for Personal Communication Services (PCS) was auctioned at around 1900MHz, operators using the aptly-named GSM1900 are competing against a plethora of other standards. As a result of this, the original and most widely-used GSM frequency implementation is also becoming known as GSM900, and DCS1800 is also known as GSM1800. However, although the physical frequencies used differ, the protocols and architecture remain the same.








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