1. INTRODUCTION
An arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) is the part of a computer processor (CPU) that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units, an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU). Some processors contain more than one AU - for example, one for fixed-point operations and another for floating-point operations.
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want a report on c-mos full adder for energy efficient arithmetic applications..............etc

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Abstract
In this paper, we review the logical effort model presented in . Based on the HSPICE simulation results using 0.18/Jm, CMOS technology as applied to logic blocks used in arithmetic circuits; we analyze the efficiency of the model and also present modifications that include modeling of wire delay. We propose a new model for logical effort that will better fit the behavior of these blocks. The results are applicable for evaluation of arithmetic units as well as for development of new arithmetic algorithms. Our ultimate objective is..............etc

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High-Speed VLSI Arithmetic Units: Adders and Multipliers


Introduction

Digital computer arithmetic is an aspect of logic design with the objective of developing
appropriate algorithms in order to achieve an efficient utilization of the available hardware .
Given that the hardware can only perform a relatively simple and primitive set of Boolean
operations, arithmetic operations are based on a hierarchy of operations that are built upon the
simple ones. Since ultimately, speed, power and chip area ar..............etc

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import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Choice.*;
//
public class Awte extends Applet implements TextListener,ActionListener
{
int a,b,c;
String s;
TextField f1,f2,f3;
Label l1,l2,l3;
Button Add,Sub,Mul,Div;
public void init()
{
//setBackground(Color.green);
setForeground(Color.red);
l1=new Label(First number);
l2=new Label(Second number);
l3=new Label(Result);
f1=new TextField(10);
f2=new Te..............etc

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SEMINAR ON PLC OPERATION

INTRODUCTION

For simple programming the relay model of the PLC is sufficient. As more complex
functions are used the more complex VonNeuman model of the PLC must be used. A
VonNeuman computer processes one instruction at a time. Most computers operate this
way, although they appear to be doing many things at once. Consider the computer components
shown in Figure 8.1.

OPERATION SEQUENCE

All PLCs have four basic stages of operations that are repeated many times per
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