ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present the concept of transmitting power without
using wires i.e., transmitting power as microwaves from one place
to another is in order to reduce the transmission and distribution
losses. This concept is known as Microwave Power transmission
(MPT). We also discussed the technological developments in
Wireless Power Transmission (WPT). The advantages,
disadvantages, biological impacts and applications of WPT are
also presented.
Key Words
Microwave Power transmission (MPT), Nikola Tesla, Rectenna,
Solar Power Satellites (SPS), Wireless Power transmission (WPT).
1. INTRODUCTION
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during
the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the
demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and
the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss
occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss
of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as
26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and
distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency
of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using
high strength composite over head conductors and underground
cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the
transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources
Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest
transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping
27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies
put that number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. This is
attributed to technical losses (grid’s inefficiencies) and theft [1].
Any problem can be solved by state–of-the-art technology. The
above discussed problem can be solved by choose an alternative
option for power transmission which could provide much higher
efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft.
Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising
technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient
power transmission.
2. WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
Nikola Tesla he is who invented radio and shown us he is indeed
the “Father of Wireless”. Nikola Tesla is the one who first
conceived
the idea Wireless Power Transmission and demonstrated “the
transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon
electrical conductivity as early as 1891[2]. In 1893, Tesla
demonstrated the illumination of vacuum bulbs without using
wires for power transmission at the World Columbian Exposition
in Chicago. The Wardenclyffe tower shown in Figure 1 was
designed and constructed by Tesla mainly for wireless
transmission of electrical power rather than telegraphy [3].
Figure1.The 187-foot Wardenclyffe Tower
(Tesla Tower)
In 1904, an airship ship motor of 0.1 horsepower is driven by
transmitting power through space from a distance of least 100 feet
[4]. In 1961, Brown published the first paper proposing microwave
energy for power transmission, and in 1964 he demonstrated a
microwave-powered model helicopter that received all the power
needed for flight from a microwave beam at 2.45 GHz [5] from
the range of 2.4GHz – 2.5 GHz frequency band which

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