presented by:
VOLKAN TULUK

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REACTIVE POWER STATIC COMPENSATION BY USING CONDENSATOR
Keywords: Active Power, Reactive Power and Apparent Power, Power Factor, Effect of Condensers, PIC 16F877
This project is about reactive power compensation by using condenser. The reactive power drawn from the electrical power stations increases the cost of the energy produced and reduces the efficiency of energy systems. The reactive energy should be compensated at the load sides in order to reduce the consumption of the reactive power. In this study, an ISIS Proteus applications and Micro Code Studio applications model have been designed and implemented to control the reactive power compensator (RPC) with a condenser. Since the ISIS model obtained has a flexible structure, it can easily be adapted to the real time applications. Finally, this report helps us to figure out elimination of reactive power and to obtain importance of power factor.
INTRODUCTION
Energy consumption is too high for the companies. In this situation compensation system is very important for the companies. The reactive power drawn from the electrical power stations increases the cost of the energy produced and reduced the efficiency of energy systems. So the reactive energy should be compensated at the load in order to reduce the consumption of the reactive power. Nowadays, the compensation system is needed for industrial companies which have inductive and capacitive loads.
This report will be about reactive power compensation by using condenser. Generally you will found information about the application of condensers in compensation system. This report will include methods which are needed for the design structures of compensation system by using some simulation programs. This project has some main circuit parts which are likely capacitors it’s connected parallel to reactive loads, relays will be used for control condensers to make ON-OFF control, PIC control to observe power factor, also it will include a rectifier circuit to drive electronic circuit which has needed 5 Vdc.
The report has three parts which are (1) identify the meaning of reactive power, the importance of power factor those are will be supported by using some mathematical calculations, types of compensation (2) to understand the working principles of compensation system and some simulation applications figures and program will be introduced, (3) benefit of the capacitor in compensation system, implementation results and discussion of other alternative system also my aim to choose this project will be include.
1.REACTIVE POWER
Electrical energy is generated, transmitted, distributed, and utilized as alternating current (AC). However, mostly alternating current system will include inductive or capacitive specification. One of these is the necessity of reactive power that needs to be supplied along with active power. Reactive power can be leading or lagging. While it is the active power that contributes to the energy consumed, or transmitted, reactive power does not contribute to the energy. Reactive power is an inherent part of the ‘‘total power.’’ Reactive power is either generated or consumed in almost every component of the system, generation, transmission, and distribution and eventually by the loads. The impedance of a branch of a circuit in an AC system consists of two components, resistance and reactance. Reactance can be either inductive or capacitive, which contribute to reactive power in the circuit. Most of the loads are inductive, and must be supplied with lagging reactive power. It is economical to supply this reactive power closer to the load in the distribution system.
1.1 Power Factor And Compensation
Power factor is shown efficiency of electrical energy. When the power factor value is high this mean the using of electrical energy is efficiently. If the power factor is low in generated and distributed electrical energy system, the apparent power is high. That mean all electrical equipments will have big power which are likely size of cable, size of circuit elements and the measurement device should have big power. Reactive power compensation system is providing high power factor to neglect that cause. The aim of the reactive power compensation system is to make the power factor unity. The reactive power compensation has two ways to adjust power factor system. One of them synchronous motor application and another one which I preferred for my project is capacitors application. The capacitor applications are the most preferred system on reactive power compensation because of low cost, easy maintenance and high efficiency. Capacitive compensation system has two types of connection which are such as shunt and series.
A power factor of one or "unity power factor" is the goal of any electric utility company since if the power factor is less than one, they have to supply more current to the user for a given amount of power use. In so doing, they incur more line losses. They also must have larger capacity equipment in place than would be otherwise necessary. As a result, an industrial facility will be charged a penalty if its power factor is much different from unity value.
Industrial facilities tend to have a "lagging power factor", where the current lags the voltage (like an inductor). This is primarily the result of having a lot of electric induction motors - the windings of motors act as inductors as seen by the power supply. Capacitors have the opposite effect and can compensate for the inductive motor windings. Some industrial sites will have large banks of capacitors strictly for the purpose of correcting the power factor back toward one to save on utility company charges.