please send me the circuit diagram of MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL

please send the circuit diagram and pcb circuit layout of MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL on coolattri001[at]gmail.com

hi..this is my technical seminars

hai want the circuit diagram for the above project

[attachment=10588]
RAILWAY GATE CONTROLLING USING MICROCONTROLLER
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this paper is to provide an automatic railway gate at a levelcrossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents.
By the presently existing system once the train leaves the station, the stationmaster informs the gatekeeper about the arrival of the train through the telephone. Once the gatekeeper receives the information,he closes the gate depending on the timing at which the train arrives. Hence, if the train is late due to certain reasons,then gate remain closed for a long time causing traffic near the gates.
By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of the train is detected by the sensor placed near to the gate. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates and also reduces the human labour. This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher and reliable operation is required. Since, the operation is automatic, error due to manual operation is prevented .
Automatic railway gate control is highly economical microcontroller based arrangement, designed for use in almost all the unmanned level crossings in the country.
INTRODUCTION:
In this paper we are concerned of providing an automatic railway gate control at unmanned level crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers and also the semiautomatically operated gates. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents that usually occur due to carelessness of road users and at times errors made by the gatekeepers.
By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of train is detected by the sensor placed on either side of the gate at about 5km from the level crossing. Once the arrival is sensed , the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller and it checks for possible presence of vehicle between the gates, again using sensors. Subsequently, buzzer indication and light signals on either side are provided to the road users indicating the closure of gates. Once, no vehicle is sensed in between the gate the motor is activated and the gates are closed. But, for the worst case if any obstacle is sensed it is indicated to the train driver by signals(RED) placed at about 2km and 180m,so as to bring it to halt well before the level crossing. When no obstacle is
sensed GREEN light is indicated, and the train is to free to move.
The departure of the train is detected by sensors placed at about 1km from the gate. The signal about the departure is sent to the microcontroller, which in turn operates the motor and opens the gate. Thus, the time for which the gate is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates since the gate is closed depending upon the telephone call from the previous station. Also reliability is high as it is not subjected to manual errors.
SCHEMATIC UTLAY F AUTOMATIC
RAILWAY GATE CONTROL
SG1 SG2
H 8 B d
” SG4 SG3
ra tn ack
\1 1 4 B (J)
road
MICRO CONTROLLER 89C51 R 3 [R 2
R1 & R2 Sensors on the track, placed at about 5 km from the gate
to detect the train arrival on either directions.
R3 & R4 Sensors on the track, placed at about 1 km from the gate
to detect the train departure on either directions.
SG1,SG2,SG3 & SG4 Signals placed by the side of the track to indicate the
train driver about the closing of the gate.
B Buzzer, an audio signal to warn the road user about the
approach of train.
M Motor for gate operation.
L
Light signal to warn the road user.
The detailed description of the working of the above model can be explained under various heads.
i) Initial Signal Display:
Signals SG1,SG2,SG3 and SG4 are placed near the gate each at a specified distance. SG1 and SG4 are placed at 2Km on either side of the gate whereas SG2 and SG3 are placed at 180m from the gate. The train may be approaching the gate in either direction. So all four signals are made RED initially to indicate that gate is open and vehicles are passing through the gate.
The road user signals are made GREEN so that they can freely move through the gate buzzer is made 'OFF' since there is no approach of train and road users need not be warned.
ii) Train Arrival Detection:
IR
transmitter
IR
receiver
Comparator
Transistor switch
Detection of a train approaching the gate can be sensed by means of sensors R1,R2,R3 and R4 placed on either side of the gate. In a particular direction of approach,R1 is used to sense the arrival while R3 senses the departure of train. In the same way,R4 senses the approach and R2 the departure respectively in the other direction of train arrival.
Based on the vibration of the track as the train approaches the sensor works. The sensor comprises of an IR transmitter, IR receiver, a comparator and a transistor switch. IR transmitter gives IR rays whose wavelength depends upon the vibration of track that corresponds to the input frequency . If frequency increases its wavelength increases and thus reduces the resistance of the IR receiver. It reduces voltage drop across the receiver. Its output voltage is the difference between this voltage drop and input voltage to the sensor.
This is fed to the comparator whose reference voltage is based on the threshold frequency which is minimum frequency caused by a slow train. Thus, the comparator produces -12V saturation when it senses a train and +12V if not. Correspondingly, a transistor switch produces +5V and 0V respectively. This is transmitted employing FM to the microcontroller.
iii) Warning For Road Users:
At the moment the train arrival is sensed on either side of the gate, road users are warned about the train approach by RED signals placed to caution the road users passing through the gate. RED signal appears for the road user once the train cuts the relay sensor placed 5Km before the gate. A buzzer is made ON as a precautionary measure for the road user and that nobody should enter the gate at that moment.
iv) Sensing For Vehicles:
Laser light is used as a source and LDR as a tool for sensing purpose. When light strokes on LDR its resistance decreases and when light does not strike LDR its resistance remains at normal value. This change of resistance of LDR is used for sensing by the micro controller 89C51 by the use of compensation.
If there is no vehicle in between or beneath the gates, then the laser light from the source falls on the LDR since there is no obstacle. Since there is no vehicle or obstacle, signal is made GREEN for the train to pass through the gate. The same is applied for in the other direction and SG3 and SG4 are made GREEN and gates are closed.
Due to some unavoidable circumstances, if there is a sudden breakdown of a vehicle between the gate, then the light from laser source does not fall on LDR. It indicates the presence of vehicle and the signal for train should be made RED in order to slow down the train to avoid collision. Then the obstacle should be warned to clear the path.
v) Gate Closing Operation:
Once the microcontroller senses that there is no vehicle inside, then it automatically produces the signal to operate the motor through relay circuit and hence close the gate for the passage of train.
When any presence of obstacle is sensed, 89C51 gives signal for obstacle to clear the path and once the path is cleaned, motor is operated to close the gate. Actually rotary motion occurs in a motor. This rotary motion is converted to linear motion of the gate using a gear.
vi) Signal For Train:
When the path is clear inside the gate, GREEN signal is produced for the train when there is any obstacle, signal is made RED for the train in order to slow down its speed before 5 Km from the gate. Another signal placed at 180 m before the gate, when it is still RED when train approaches if then provisions if then provisions should be stop the train.
vi)Train Departure Detection:
Detection of train departure is also done using relay technique as explained under the head of train arrival detection. Train departure sensing is done by sensors R3 and R2 respectively considering the directions of train approach.
viii) Gate Opening:
When the train departure is sensed by the sensors, signal is given to the Microcontroller which operates the motor in reverse direction and the gates are opened. Once the gate is opened signal for road users are made GREEN so that the vehicles can pass through the gate.

Presented by:
V.PRAVEEN KUMAR
M.SATISH

---

[attachment=10791]
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this paper is to provide an automatic railway gate at a levelcrossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents.
By the presently existing system once the train leaves the station, the stationmaster informs the gatekeeper about the arrival of the train through the telephone. Once the gatekeeper receives the information,he closes the gate depending on the timing at which the train arrives. Hence, if the train is late due to certain reasons,then gate remain closed for a long time causing traffic near the gates.
By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of the train is detected by the sensor placed near to the gate. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates and also reduces the human labour. This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher and reliable operation is required. Since, the operation is automatic, error due to manual operation is prevented .
Automatic railway gate control is highly economical microcontroller based arrangement, designed for use in almost all the unmanned level crossings in the country.
INTRODUCTION:
In this paper we are concerned of providing an automatic railway gate control at unmanned level crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers and also the semiautomatically operated gates. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents that usually occur due to carelessness of road users and at times errors made by the gatekeepers.
By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of train is detected by the sensor placed on either side of the gate at about 5km from the level crossing. Once the arrival is sensed , the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller and it checks for possible presence of vehicle between the gates, again using sensors. Subsequently, buzzer indication and light signals on either side are provided to the road users indicating the closure of gates. Once, no vehicle is sensed in between the gate the motor is activated and the gates are closed. But, for the worst case if any obstacle is sensed it is indicated to the train driver by signals(RED) placed at about 2km and 180m,so as to bring it to halt well before the level crossing. When no obstacle is sensed GREEN light is indicated, and the train is to free to move.
The departure of the train is detected by sensors placed at about 1km from the gate. The signal about the departure is sent to the microcontroller, which in turn operates the motor and opens the gate. Thus, the time for which the gate is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates since the gate is closed depending upon the telephone call from the previous station. Also reliability is high as it is not subjected to manual errors.
R1 & R2 Sensors on the track, placed at about 5 km from the gate to detect the train arrival on either directions.
R3 & R4 Sensors on the track, placed at about 1 km from the gate to detect the train departure on either directions.
SG1,SG2,SG3 & SG4 Signals placed by the side of the track to indicate the train driver about the closing of the gate.
B Buzzer, an audio signal to warn the road user about the
approach of train.
M Motor for gate operation.
L Light signal to warn the road user.
The detailed description of the working of the above model can be explained under various heads.
i) Initial Signal Display:
Signals SG1,SG2,SG3 and SG4 are placed near the gate each at a specified distance. SG1 and SG4 are placed at 2Km on either side of the gate whereas SG2 and SG3 are placed at 180m from the gate. The train may be approaching the gate in either direction. So all four signals are made RED initially to indicate that gate is open and vehicles are passing through the gate.
The road user signals are made GREEN so that they can freely move through the gate buzzer is made ‘OFF’ since there is no approach of train and road users need not be warned.
ii) Train Arrival Detection:
Detection of a train approaching the gate can be sensed by means of sensors R1,R2,R3 and R4 placed on either side of the gate. In a particular direction of approach,R1 is used to sense the arrival while R3 senses the departure of train. In the same way,R4 senses the approach and R2 the departure respectively in the other direction of train arrival.
Based on the vibration of the track as the train approaches the sensor works. The sensor comprises of an IR transmitter, IR receiver, a comparator and a transistor switch. IR transmitter gives IR rays whose wavelength depends upon the vibration of track that corresponds to the input frequency . If frequency increases its wavelength increases and thus reduces the resistance of the IR receiver. It reduces voltage drop across the receiver. Its output voltage is the difference between this voltage drop and input voltage to the sensor.
This is fed to the comparator whose reference voltage is based on the threshold frequency which is minimum frequency caused by a slow train. Thus, the comparator produces -12V saturation when it senses a train and +12V if not. Correspondingly, a transistor switch produces +5V and 0V respectively. This is transmitted employing FM to the microcontroller.
iii) Warning For Road Users:
At the moment the train arrival is sensed on either side of the gate, road users are warned about the train approach by RED signals placed to caution the road users passing through the gate. RED signal appears for the road user once the train cuts the relay sensor placed 5Km before the gate. A buzzer is made ON as a precautionary measure for the road user and that nobody should enter the gate at that moment.
iv) Sensing For Vehicles: Laser light is used as a source and LDR as a tool for sensing purpose. When light strokes on LDR its resistance decreases and when light does not strike LDR its resistance remains at normal value. This change of resistance of LDR is used for sensing by the micro controller 89C51 by the use of compensation.
If there is no vehicle in between or beneath the gates, then the laser light from the source falls on the LDR since there is no obstacle. Since there is no vehicle or obstacle, signal is made GREEN for the train to pass through the gate. The same is applied for in the other direction and SG3 and SG4 are made GREEN and gates are closed.
Due to some unavoidable circumstances, if there is a sudden breakdown of a vehicle between the gate, then the light from laser source does not fall on LDR. It indicates the presence of vehicle and the signal for train should be made RED in order to slow down the train to avoid collision. Then the obstacle should be warned to clear the path.
v) Gate Closing Operation:
Once the microcontroller senses that there is no vehicle inside, then it automatically produces the signal to operate the motor through relay circuit and hence close the gate for the passage of train.
When any presence of obstacle is sensed, 89C51 gives signal for obstacle to clear the path and once the path is cleaned, motor is operated to close the gate. Actually rotary motion occurs in a motor. This rotary motion is converted to linear motion of the gate using a gear.
vi) Signal For Train:
When the path is clear inside the gate, GREEN signal is produced for the train when there is any obstacle, signal is made RED for the train in order to slow down its speed before 5 Km from the gate. Another signal placed at 180 m before the gate, when it is still RED when train approaches if then provisions if then provisions should be stop the train.
vi)Train Departure Detection:
Detection of train departure is also done using relay technique as explained under the head of train arrival detection. Train departure sensing is done by sensors R3 and R2 respectively considering the directions of train approach.
viii) Gate Opening:When the train departure is sensed by the sensors, signal is given to the Microcontroller which operates the motor in reverse direction and the gates are opened. Once the gate is opened signal for road users are made GREEN so that the vehicles can pass through the gate.
ALGORITHM:
STEP 1 : Start.
STEP 2 : Set the variables.
STEP 3 : Make initial settings of the signals for the train and road users.
STEP 4 : Check for the arrival of the train in either direction by the sensors.
If the train is sensed go to step 5 otherwise go to step 4.
STEP 5 : Make the warning signal for the road users and set the signal for
the train.
STEP 6 : Check for the presence of the obstacle using sensors. If there is no
Obstacle go to step7 otherwise repeat step6.
STEP 7 : Close the gate and stop the buzzer warning.
STEP 8 : Change the signal for the train.
STEP 9 : Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the train sensed to next STEP. Otherwise repeat STEP 9.
STEP 10: Open the gate.
STEP 11: Go to STEP 3.
STEP 12: Stop.
This paper has satisfactorily fulfilled the basic things such as prevention of accidents inside the gate and the unnecessity of a gatekeeper. But still the power supply for the motor operation and signal lights. It can be avoided and a battery charged by means of a solar cell. It can be used directly during the daytime and by charging the battery during night. Hence this arrangement can be used in remote areas where the power supply can’t be expected. The obstacle detection part can be implemented using Fuzzy logic. As it thinks in different angles or aspects, the system works still more efficiently.
THE LAST WORD…
The idea of automating the process of railway gate operation in level crossings has been undertaken. As the system is completely automated, it avoids manual errors and thus provides ultimate safety to road users. By this mechanism, presence of a gatekeeper is not necessary and automatic operation of the gate through the motor action is achieved. Microcontroller 89C51 performs the complete operation i.e., sensing ,gate closing and opening operation is done by software coding written for the controller. The mechanism works on a simple principle and there is not much of complexity needed in the circuit

[attachment=11352]
AUTOMATIC RAIL automationWAY GATE CONTROLUSING MICROCONTROLLER
ABSTRACT: In the rapidly flourishing country like ours, accidents in the unmanned level crossings are increasing day by day. No fruitful steps have been taken so far in these areas. Our paper deals with automatic railway gate operation (i.e.) implemented in unmanned level crossings at remote areas. Detection of train approaching the gate can be sensed by means of four sensors placed on either side of the gate. Train arrival and departure sensing can be achieved by means of Relay techniques. When the wheels of the train moves over, both tracks are shorted to ground and this acts as a signal to microcontroller (89C51) indicating train arrival. RED signal appears for the road user, once the train cuts the relay sensor placed before the 5Kms before the gate .A buzzer is made on as a pre cautionary measure for the road users. Once micro controller senses that there are no vehicles inside, it automatically produces signal to operate motor through relay circuit and hence close the gate for passage of train. This can be implemented in manned level crossings also, as manual errors can be eliminated by automation .
INTRODUCTION: At present scenario, in level crossings, the railway gate is operated normally by a gate keeper after receiving the information about the train's arrival. When a train starts to leave a station, station master of the particular station delivers the information to the near by gate. The above said procedures are followed for operating the railway gates. Semiautomatic railway gate operation is also followed in certain areas. Signals are located in the vicinity of the railway gate along with gate master board and a marker light. Our paper deals with automatic railway gate control (i.e.) gate operated with out gate keepers. It is implemented in unmanned level crossings at remote areas.SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:.
The arrival of the train to reach the level crossing is sensed by the sensor R1/R2 placed on either side of the gate at about 5 km from the level crossing. So the arrival is sensed by the either side of the sensor and then the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller. First we are calculating the velocity of the train by using IR sensor fixed in particular distance. Two set of IR sensors are placed before the gate. When the first set of IR sensor is interrupted we have to start the times and second set of IR sensor is interrupted we have to stop the times. By calculating this time we have to find the velocity of train using formula
V= distance/time So we are find out when the train will reach the gate, then signal use given to the motor to close gate. Before closing of gate, buzzer indication is given to the load user. A light signal is also placed additionally on either side of the gate and the addition warning to the load user indicating the closure of the gates. The departure of the train is detected by sensors R3/R4 which is about a km from the gate Infra red transmitter sensor gives the infra red rays, this wavelength depends upon the input frequency of the sensor. If frequency is high, wavelength is high .IR receiver sensor resistance depends upon the receiving IR signal. if receiver receives signal from transmitter, the resistance of the resistor will be low .If receiver does not get signal from the transmitter, its resistance will be high .so we get some voltage drop across the receiver depends on the resistance of the receiver. Comparator compares the signal given to the inverting and non inverting terminal ,it will give output in terms of saturation level .if inverting terminal input is high ,then comparator output will be at negative saturation(-12v).if noninverting terminal input ,comparator output saturation is positive(+12v).one input of comparator is from IR sensor and other input is reference signal . So we have to convert +12v to -12v pulse into TTL logic (0&5 ).
BLOCK DIAGRAM-TRANSMITTER:. The signal about the departure of the train is send to the microcontroller which operates the motor and opens the gate across the level crossing .
OPERATION: Output from IR section is fed to FM transmitter. In FM transmitter ,reactance modulator operates on tank circuit of LC oscillator .it is isolated from the buffer ,whose output goes through an amplitude limiter to power amplification by power amplifier .a fraction of output is taken from limiter and is fed to a mixer ,which also receives signal from crystal oscillator resulting from different signal ,which has the frequency usually about one twentieth of the master oscillator frequency ,is amplified and fed to phase discriminator. Its output is connected to reactance modulator and provides DC voltage to correct it automatically any drift in average frequency of master oscillator.
RECEIVER:
RF amplifier is always used in FM receiver. Its main purpose is to reduce noise figure, which could otherwise be a problem because of large bandwidth needed for FM .RF section tunable circuit is connected to antenna terminals. It is there to select the wanted frequency and reject all other unwanted frequencies. An amplifier output is fed to the mixer at whose input at another tunable circuit is present. The mixer is the non linear device having two sets of input terminals and one set of output terminals nonlinear circuit will have several frequencies in its output, including the difference between the two input frequencies. The difference frequency here is the IF and is the one to which output circuit of the mixer is tuned.The limiter is inform of clipping devices ,a circuit output tends to remain constant despite changes in the input signal .output from the receiver is fed to microcontroller.

Presented by ,
M.SIVAMALLIKA
SD.AZAS
G.SATISHKUMAR
K.MANIKANTA

---

[attachment=11845]
Automatic railway gate controle using rf
INTRODUCTION
 In this project we will control the direction of the robot by using the RF communication.
 By giving the commands just like “go”, ”Back”, “left”, “right” the robot will moves in that particular direction.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
MICRO CONTROLLER
 A micro controller is an integrated circuit composed of a CPU, various peripheral devices, and typically memory, all in one chip.
 Thus reduced the size and the power consumption of control oriented applications.
AT89C51 MICRO CONTROLLER
 The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer
 Having 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).
ENCODER & DECODER
HT12E & HT12D are used as Encoder&Decoder respectively
 The 2^12 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs. They are capable of encoding information which consists of N address bits and 12_N data bits.
 The decoders receive serial addresses and data from a programmed 212 series of encoders and are decoded, then transferred to the output pins.
L293D MOTOR DRIVER
 It is quadruple high-current half-H driver. The L293 is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents.
 Drivers are enabled in pairs. When an enable input is high, the drivers are enabled and their outputs are active. When the enable input is low, those drivers are disabled and their outputs are off.
DC MOTOR
 In any electric motor, the operation is based on simple electromagnetism.
 The DC motor gets control through the micro controller using the driver IC L293D for the robot to move.
CONCLUSION
The project “AUTO MATIC RAIL WAY GATE USING PF” has been successfully designed and tested using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology.

can i have full report ??

Hi friend you can refer these pages for more details of MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL
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http://studentbank.in/report-microcontro...ort?page=6
http://studentbank.in/report-microcontro...ort?page=7

hiiii...i saw ur project on " AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM " ......ITS VRY NICE.... n i want to do that project now .....actually i did up to middle of the project which was downloaded frm net only ...but i didn't wheather its works or not ..thtsy i want u to gve me a small info abt this .......can u plzz tell me wch software is used to dump???? am using nw KEIL software...

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GUYS PLZ SEND ME AN AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROLLER CIRCUIT USING STEPPER MOTOR

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pls send me d report at my email id.ishwariyaiyer[at]gmail.com send the full report with ckt. diagram n program

you can refer these page details of " MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL"link bellow
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cost of the project please

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hey plzz send block diagram

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How to download the pdf?
I want the complete details.

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(24-01-2011, 07:27 PM)rajashree.raj.1992 Wrote: hai...as im thinking of doing a project on "automatic railway gate control" so i need your help in geting more information abt this topic so please kindly help me.................

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