Innovation is necessary to ride the inevitable tide of change. Indeed,
the success of the transformation of IBM to an On Demand Business
depends on driving the right balance of productivity, collaboration,
and innovation to achieve sustained, organic top line growth ”
and bottom line profitability.

Enterprises strive to reduce computing costs. Many start by
consolidating their IT operations and later introducing virtualization
technologies. Cloud computing takes these steps to a new level and
allows an organization to further reduce costs through improved
utilization, reduced administration and infrastructure costs, and
faster deployment cycles. The cloud is a next

Generation platform that provides dynamic resource pools, virtualization, and high availability.

Cloud computing describes both a platform and a type of application. A
cloud computing platform dynamically provisions, configures,
reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Cloud applications
are applications that are extended to be accessible through the
Internet. These cloud applications use large data centers and powerful
servers that host Web applications and Web services.

Cloud computing infrastructure accelerates and fosters the adoption of innovations:

Enterprises are increasingly making innovation their highest priority.
They realize they need to seek new ideas and unlock new sources of
value. Driven by the pressure to cut costs and grow”
simultaneously”they realize that it™s not possible to
succeed simply by doing the same things better. They know they have to
do new things that produce better results. Cloud computing enables
innovation. It alleviates the need of innovators to find resources to
develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user
community. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than
the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the
innovation. Cloud computing helps leverage innovation as early as
possible to deliver business value to IBM and its customers.

Fostering innovation requires unprecedented flexibility and
responsiveness. The enterprise should provide an ecosystem where
innovators are not hindered by excessive processes, rules, and resource
constraints. In this context, a cloud computing service is a necessity.
It comprises an automated framework that can deliver standardized
services quickly and cheaply.

Cloud computing infrastructure allows enterprises to achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments:

Cloud computing increases profitability by improving resource
utilization. Pooling resources into large clouds drives down costs and
increases utilization by delivering resources only for as long as those
resources are needed. Cloud computing allows individuals, teams, and
organizations to streamline procurement processes and eliminate the
need to duplicate certain computer administrative skills related to
setup, configuration, and support. This paper introduces the value of
implementing cloud computing. The paper defines clouds, explains the
business benefits of cloud computing, and outlines cloud architecture
and its major components. Readers will discover how a business can use
cloud computing to foster innovation and reduce IT costs.

CLOUD COMPUTING
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PRESENTED BY-
SHAILESH KUMAR TIWARY

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[attachment=11932]
CLOUD COMPUTING
What cloud computing is ?
 A style of computing where massively scalable (and elastic) IT-related capabilities are provided “as a service” to external
• customers using Internet technologies.
 Cloud Computing is a computing paradigm, where large pool of system are connected in private or public networks, to provide dynamically scalable infrastructure, for application , data and file storage.
• What Cloud computing is NOT ?
• Cloud Service Taxonomy
• Public Cloud Service
Definition
 The standard cloud computing model
 The sp makes the resources , such as application & storage, available to general public over internet
 Free or offered on a pay per use model
Private Cloud Services
 Internal cloud or corporate
 Definition
 Proprietary cloud architecture that provides hosted services limited number of people behind a firewall
 Designed to appeal to an organization that needs or wants more control over their data than they can get by using a third-party hosted service
Hybrid Cloud Services
 Definition
 Hybrid Cloud combine both public & private cloud model
 With a hybrid cloud, service provider can utilize 3rd party cloud in a full or partial manner
 It increases the flexibility of computing
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Features
 No hardware or software to manage
 Service delivered through a browser
 Customers use the service on demand
 Instant Scalability
Providers
 Google Docs
 Sales Force.com
 37 signals
 Zoho
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Platforms are built upon Infrastructure, which is expensive
 The Platforms is used to design , develop , build and test applications are provided by the cloud infrastructure.
Providers
 Google App Engine
 Azure service platform platform
 Force.com
Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
 IaaS provides basic storage & computing capabilities as a standardized services over the network
 In this pay per use service model, services like storage , database management & compute capabilities are offered on demand.
Providers
 Amazon Web Services
 GoGrid.com
• Fig. Distinguishing Cloud Service Model
What makes cloud computing compelling?
 In one word – economic
 Faster, simpler, cheaper to use
 No upfront capital required for server & storage
 No operational expenses for running datacenter
 Applications can be accessed from anywhere anytime
 Scalability
 The Green Cloud
What are the barrier to cloud computing?
 Data Security
 Customer don’t wish to trust their data to the cloud
 Data must be retained for regulatory reason
 Application availability
 Can not switch from existing application legacy
 Not all Application work on cloud computing
Future prospect
• By 2012, 80 percent of Fortune 1000 enterprises will pay for some cloud computing service and 30 percent of them will pay for cloud computing infrastructure.
• Through 2010, more than 80 percent of enterprise use of cloud computing will be devoted to very large data queries, short-term massively parallel workloads, or IT use by startups with little to no IT infrastructure.
MY EXPRIENCE
Cloud computing means getting best performing system with best monetary value.
It will be advantageous in both economical as well as environmental aspects.

PRESENTATION BY
SANDEEP &
HARISH

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[attachment=12028]
DEFINITION:
INTRODUCTION
 The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to 1960, when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility"; indeed it shares characteristics with service bureaus that date back to the 1960s.
 The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering “VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN)” services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost.
 The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider from that of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.
 Cost is claimed to be greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using.
USES
 Helps to use applications without installations.
 Access the personal files at any computer with internet access.
 This technology allows much more efficient computation by centralizing storage, memory, processing and band width.
SURVEY
 Based on a study conducted in June 2009 by version one, 41% of IT senior professionals doesn’t have sound knowledge on cloud computing.
 In September 2009, Aberdeen Group found that 18% reduction in there IT budget and a 16% reduction in data center power costs.
LAYERS
APPLICATIONS
 Cloud application services or "Software as a Service (SaaS)" deliver ‘software’ as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.
PLATFORM
 Cloud platform services or "Platform as a Service (PaaS)" deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.
INFRASTRUCTURE
SERVER
 The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings
DEPLOYMENT MODELS
HYBRID CLOUD & PRIVATE CLOUD
CRITICISM
 Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation and creator of the computer operating system GNU, said that cloud computing was simply a trap aimed at forcing more people to buy into locked, proprietary systems that would cost them more and more over time. "It's stupidity. It's worse than stupidity: it's a marketing hype campaign," he told The Guardian. "Somebody is saying this is inevitable – and whenever you hear somebody saying that, it's very likely to be a set of businesses campaigning to make it true." "The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we've redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do," he said.
 The main drawback behind the concept of Cloud Computing is we can’t completely rely on third party when we are transmitting sensitive data.
ISSUES
LEGAL
 In March 2007, Dell applied to trademark the term "cloud computing" (U.S. Trademark 77,139,082) in the United States. The "Notice of Allowance" the company received in July 2008 was cancelled in August, resulting in a formal rejection of the trademark application less than a week later.
 Since 2007, the number of trademark filings covering cloud computing brands, goods and services has increased at an almost exponential rate. As companies sought to better position themselves for cloud computing branding and marketing efforts, “cloud computing trademark filings increased by 483% between 2008 and 2009.” In 2009, 116 cloud computing trademarks were filed, and trademark analysts predict that over “500 such marks could be filed during 2010.”
SECURITY
 The relative security of cloud computing services is a contentious issue which may be delaying its adoption. Some argue that customer data is more secure when managed internally, while others argue that cloud providers have a strong incentive to maintain trust and as such employ a higher level of security.
CONCLUSION
 Cloud computing is a better way to run your business. Instead of running your apps yourself, they run on a shared data center. When you use any app that runs in the cloud, you just log in, customize it, and start using it. That’s the power of cloud computing.
 Finally, cloud apps don’t eat up your valuable IT resources, so your CFO will love it. This lets you focus on deploying more apps, new projects, and innovation
THE BOTTOM LINE
Cloud computing is a simple idea, but it can have a huge impact on your business.

[attachment=15431]
Abstract
Cloud Computing disrupts the conventional on-premises IT model, where you keep acquiring servers, PCs and software licenses as your business grows. Running application services on a cloud platform moves CapEx (capital expense) to OpEx (operational expense) , because business can develop, deploy and use more application services as they require them, without needing huge initial capital investments (and ensuing operational costs) for dedicated infrastructure that may never be needed.
The convergence of Grid and Cluster computing, Virtualization, Web Services and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) offers the potential to set IT free from the costs and complexity of its typical physical infrastructure, allowing concepts such as Utility Computing to become at last meaningful. With the global economy in crisis, the timing could hardly be better for the technologies and services Cloud Computing provides, as IT managers are forced to make tough decisions and do more with less amount. Cloud Computing allows business to increase IT capacity (or add capabilities)on the fly and in real time (Internet-enabled), without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel or licensing new software, and as a pay-per-use service(i.e.)you only pay what you “consume”.
Keywords--Cloud computing,Grid computing
I. INTRODUCTION:
Cloud computing describes both a platform and a type of application. A cloud computing platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Cloud applications are applications that are extended to be accessible through the Internet. These cloud applications use large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web Services.
II. LIFE BEFORE CLOUD COMPUTING:
Before the invention of cloud computing, we have to install all the resources in our own personal computer and utilize it. Traditional business applications - like those from SAP, Microsoft, and Oracle - have always been too complicated and expensive. They need a data center with office space, power, cooling, bandwidth, networks, servers, and storage. A complicated software stack. And a team of experts to install, configure, and run them. They need development, testing, staging, production, and failover environments.
Before the invention of cloud computing, we have to install all the resources in our own personal computer and utilize it. Traditional business applications - like those from SAP, Microsoft, and Oracle - have always been too complicated and expensive. They need a data center with office space, power, cooling, bandwidth, networks, servers, and storage. A complicated software stack. And a team of experts to install, configure, and run them. They need development, testing, staging, production, and failover environments.
Cloud computing is a better way to run your business. Instead of running your apps yourself, they run on a shared data center. When you use any app that runs in the cloud, you just log in, customize it, and start using it. That’s the power of cloud computing. They cost less, because you don’t need to need to pay for all the people, products, and facilities to run them. Forget about buying servers and software.
III. WHY CLOUD COMPUTING:
Cloud Computing supports faster application development or deployment. It reduces hardware provisioning from months to hours. It provides standard platforms to encourage standardization. It is developing under security guidelines and reduces implementation delays to retrofit security. It reduces development and operating cost. Its Self-service model, Standardization and Centralization of resources in the cloud reduces cost. It improves overall security posture. There is an unquenchable thirst for collaboration and sharing. We can work anywhere at any time highly mobile workforce. You can work wherever you are at home, traveling etc.
IV. CLOUD COMPUTINGAY FOR INNOVATION NOT INFRASTRUCTURE
•Scenario without Cloud Computing: wait until the purchase request is approved, wait until the servers arrive, wait until the servers are configured, etc. all of which can take several weeks or even several months. Let's say it takes three months. In an industry where the cost of delaying a product is estimated at $150 per second, that three months' wait would cost more than $1 billion.
• Scenario with Cloud Computing: the researcher clicks over to Amazon Web Services, configures the 25 servers in the Cloud in one hour, and within two hours has crunched the data. Total fee for the time using Amazon’s resources? Just $89.
A)The five characteristics:
• On-demand self-service: individuals can set themselves up without needing anyone’s help;
• Ubiquitous network access: available through standard Internet-enabled devices;
• Location independent resource pooling: processing and storage demands are balanced across a common infrastructure with no particular resource assigned to any individual user
• Rapid elasticity: consumers can increase or decrease capacity at will;
• Pay per use: consumers are charged fees based on their usage of a combination of computing power, bandwidth use and/or storage
B)The possible delivery models:
• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS): Customers rent software hosted by the vendor;
• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS): Customers rent infrastructure and programming tools hosted by the vendor to create their own applications;
• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Customer rent processing, storage, networking and other fundamental computing resources for all purposes.

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