SUBMITTED BY
M.SRINIVASA RAO

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Abstract:
The “power grid” is aging and congested and facing new challenges and stresses that put at risk its ability to reliably deliver power to an economy that is increasingly depend on electricity. Now we need to modernize the” power grid” to meet tomorrow’s challenges. This power hike can be vision through “smart grid”. The essence of this vision is fully automated power supply between the suppliers and the consumer’s appliances. In this paper let see about “smart grid”, drivers for modernization of “power grid”, vision of “smart grid”, and the way it is going to surplus the power hike going to occur in future.
Introduction:
Before going to “smart grid” and “power grid” we will see about grid. Grid is a term used for the electric network which supports the following distinct operations
o Electricity generation
o Electric power transmission
o Electricity distribution
o Electricity control
The power grid present today is transmission of power through transmission lines across the users, it just enables power delivery but it doesn’t have any relation between the power suppliers and the consumer appliances which leads to power lose. ”smart grid” provides a two way relationship between i.e. Flow of electricity and information between the power plants and the appliances
Need to modernize the power grid:
As I mentioned earlier that power grid is not a two way and it should be modernized in order to meet the future needs. The following are the drivers which tests the reliability of power grid.
o Growth in demand:The peak demand of the power is forecasted to grow nearly 18% over the next 10 years, driven by economic growth and the evolution of economy that depends on power
o Newer renewable sources:The shift towards the newer renewable and distributed energy generation sources such as wind and solar that can be variable and present far from the demand present
o Transmission congestion:Investment in the transmission infrastructure have not kept pace with the growth in demanding, resulting in heavier utilisation, frequent congestion, increased transmission losses and increased risk in catastrophic failures. Cost of building transmission lines have increased dramatically and the construction timeline will continue to increase.
o Power loss in peak hours:The power loss during peak hours is drastically increasing with increase in power appliances.
Smart grid:
Smart grid forms a two way electric networkusing digital technology. The smart grid is envisioned to overlay the ordinary grid with an information and net meeting system that includes advanced metering structure.
Smart grid can also integrate the renewable electricity like solar and wind.Smart grid is not a single entity it comprises of three high level layers, from an architectural perspective
o The physical layer(transmit ion and distribution)
o The data transport and control layer(communication and control)
o The applications layer(applications and services)
Today’s grid (power grid) is compared with modern grid (smart grid) by analysing mainly the following characteristics
Self healing
Motivates and includes the consumers
Resists attack
Provides future quality for future needs
Enables markets
Optimizes assets and operates efficiently
Role of communication:
Communication infrastructure for monitoring and control of power grid today is a patch work of protocols and system, often proprietary and mutually compatible including leased lines, fixed RF network, microwave links and fibres.
Broad band communications under pins the smart grid many of the newer capabilities, such as demand response and remote disconnects need real time two-way communication down the meter ends. the telecommunication arrange smart meters for the appliances and monitor the requirement of the appliance and supply the power, the consumer can also see how much electricity he used during peak hours.
Key findings:
Smart grid transforms the way power is delivered, consumed accounted for.
Adding intelligence throughout the newly networked grid increases reliability and power quality.
Increase the efficiency.
Handles current and future demands.
Provides the communication platform for the new appliances
Potentially reduces the cost for the provider and the consumer
Manages advance metering infrastructure
Conclusion:
For electronic manufactures, smart grid opens opportunities in terms of new technologies and products converging energy and telecommunication technologies.at the same time when the interest and expectations for smart grid grow higher opens opportunities for IT companies.By the relation between producer and consumer we can overcome the power hike going to occur.