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ABSTRACT
We have designed an electronic circuit for the automatic illumination of tunnel.
Our main objective for the circuit is to reduce the idle time power consumption of
lights in tunnel. According to the traffic density and light intensity outside the
tunnel we have prepared a model which dims or turn the lights of during the idle
time of the tunnel for saving the power consumption. In this project our main
focus is on the power saving and illumination optimization.
Introduction
1.1 Tunnel Basics
A tunnel is a horizontal passageway located underground. There are many
different ways to excavate a tunnel, including manual labor, explosives, rapid
heating and cooling, tunneling machinery or a combination of these methods.
Some structures may require excavation similar to tunnel excavation, but are not
actually tunnels. Shafts, for example, are often hand-dug or dug with boring
equipment. But unlike tunnels, shafts are vertical and shorter.
The diagram below shows the relationship between these underground
structures in a typical mountain tunnel. The opening of the tunnel is a portal. The
"roof" of the tunnel, or the top half of the tube, is the crown. The bottom half is the
invert. The basic geometry of the tunnel is a continuous arch. Because tunnels
must withstand tremendous pressure from all sides, the arch is an ideal shape. In
the case of a tunnel, the arch simply goes all the way around.