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Introduction :
-

The present day electrical power system is a.c. i.e. electric
power is
generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of
Alternating current. The electric power is produce at the powerstation, which are located at favorable places, generally quite
away from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumer
through
a large network of transmission and distribution. At
many place in the line of power system, it may be desirable andnecessary to change some characteristic (e.g. Voltage, ac to dc
,
frequency p.f. etc.) of electric supply. This
is accomplished by suitable apparatus called sub-station for example, generation voltage (11KV or 6.6KV) at the power station is stepped up tohigh voltage (Say 220KV to 132KV) for transmission of electricpower. Similarly near the consumer’slocalities, the voltage may
have to be stepped down to utilization level. This job is
again
accomplished by suitable apparatus called sub
-station.
2.
1

About the substation :
-

The substation in Bhinmal, Jalore
-
343029, Rajasthan is one of
the largest power grids in the state of Rajasthan and the north
-
west area India.
The most important of any substation is the grounding
(Earthing
System) of the instruments, transformers etc. used in
the substation for the safety of the operation personnel as well as
for proper system operation and performance of the protective
devices.

An earthes system comprising of an earthing mat buried at a
su
itable depth below ground and supplemented with ground rodsat suitable points is provided in the substations. These ground the
extra high voltage to the ground. As it is dangerous to us to go
near the instrument without proper earth. If the instruments ar
e
not ground properly they may give a huge shock to anyone who would stay near it and also it is dangerous for the costly
instrument as they may get damaged by this high voltage.

Site Selection & Layout
220KV Substation :
-

220KV Sub
-
Station forms an important page link between Transmission network and Distribution network. It has a vitalinfluence of reliability of service. Apart from ensuring efficient
transmission and Distribution of power, the sub
-
station configuration
should
be such that it enables easy maintenance of equipment andminimum interruptions in power supply. Sub
-
Station is constructedas near as possible to the load center. The voltage level of power
transmission is decided on the quantum of power to be transmitte
d to
the load center.