field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic components called logic blocks, and programmable interconnects. Logic blocks can be programmed to perform the function of basic logic gates such as AND, and XOR, or more complex combinational functions such as decoders or mathematical functions. In most FPGAs, the logic blocks also include memory elements, which may be simple flip-flops or more complete blocks of memory. A hierarchy of programmable interconnects allows logic blocks to be interconnected as ne ....etc

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INTRODUCTION :-

PLC is a digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programmable (through dedicated language such as Relay Ladder Programming) memory for the internal storage of instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic to control through digital or analog input output modules, various types of machines and processes.
The programmable controllers (PC) have developed as the heart of the automation of the industries. The PCs offer a number of advantages over th ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
Man is an ambitious creator. He has conquered the world of science and has reached to this 21ST century. In pre-cuts of perfection. He has cared much for automation and product quality which is directly co related to electronics.
In this fact developing society, electronic has come to stay as the most important branch of Engineering. Electronic devices are being used in almost all the industries for quality control and automation. They have become a fast replacement of present workers army which is engage ....etc

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Sun Spot (Sun Small Programmable Object Technology) is a wireless sensor network (WSN) mote developed by Sun Microsystems. The device is built upon the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Unlike other available mote systems, the Sun SPOT is built on the Java 2 Micro Edition Virtual Machine (JVM). The Sun SPOT project explores wireless transducer technologies that enable the emerging network of things. We are building a hardware and software research platform to overcome the challenges that currently inhibit development of tiny sensing devices. These change ....etc

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universal programmable quantum information processor able to run any program allowed by quantum mechanics”the rules governing the submicroscopic world”using two quantum bits (qubits) of information. The processor could be a module in a future quantum computer, which theoretically could solve some important problems that are intractable today.processor stores binary information (1s and 0s) in two beryllium ions (electrically charged atoms), which are held in an electromagnetic trap and manipulated with ultraviolet lasers. Two magne ....etc

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Sun Spot (Sun Small Programmable Object Technology) is a wireless sensor network (WSN) mote developed by Sun Microsystems. The device is built upon the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Unlike other available mote systems, the Sun SPOT is built on the Java 2 Micro Edition Virtual Machine (JVM).

The Sun SPOT project explores wireless transducer technologies that enable the emerging network of things. We are building a hardware and software research platform to overcome the challenges that currently inhibit development of tiny sensing devices.

These ....etc

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COMPLEX PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICE


As chip densities increased, it was natural for the PLD manufacturers to evolve their products into larger (logically, but not necessarily physically) parts called Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs). For most practical purposes, CPLDs can be thought of as multiple PLDs (plus some programmable interconnect) in a single chip. The larger size of a CPLD allows we to implement either more logic equations or a more complicated design. In fact, these chips are large enough to replace dozens of the pesky p ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
?Necessity is the mother of all inventions?.
Since the time of evolution of man, his demands and needs have compelled him to invent new and sophisticated things. The exploration process never comes to an end, everyday thousands of people work day & night to bring various utilities to us.
Man during the age of his evolution found & made new and different items which helped him in his daily activities. After stone age, copper age & bronze age, came the Industrial Age,in which various innovations started t ....etc

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A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by the customer or designer after manufacturing.FPGAs can be used to implement any logical function that an ASIC could perform. The ability to update the functionality after shipping,FPGAs contain programmable logic components called logic blocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects that allow the blocks to be wired together”somewhat like a one-chip programmable breadboard,
FPGA System having the advantage
Complete integrated desi ....etc

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The aim is to make a thermostat, with 2 sensors (TC55) in order to send a heating. On an alphanumeric display (GDM1062A) have established several programs and can be selected (day, night, weekend, ...) ....etc

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