Transistors are the microscopic, silicon-based switches that process the ones and zeros of the digital worlds and are the fundamental building block of all semiconductor chips. With traditional planar transistors, electronic signals travel as if on a flat, one-way road. This approach has served the semiconductor industry well since the 1960s. But, as transistors shrink to less than 30 nanometers (billionths of a meter), the increase in current leakage means that transistors require increasingly more power to function correctly, which generates ....etc

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A gate valve is a valve that opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar. The gate faces can form a wedge shape or they can be parallel. Gate valves are sometimes used for regulating flow, but many are not suited for that purpose, having been designed to be fully opened or closed. When fully open, the typical gate valve has no obstruction in the flow path, resulting in very low friction loss.


Gate valves are cha ....etc

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The Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) is a new high-power semiconductor device. IGCT is a special type of thyristor similar to a GTO. They can be turned on and off by a gate signal, have lower conduction loss as compared to GTOs, and withstand higher rates of voltage rise (dv/dt), such that no snubber is required for most applications.The structure of an IGCT is very similar to a GTO thyristor. In an IGCT, the gate turn off current is greater than the anode current. This results in a complete elimination of minority carrier injection ....etc

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field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic components called logic blocks, and programmable interconnects. Logic blocks can be programmed to perform the function of basic logic gates such as AND, and XOR, or more complex combinational functions such as decoders or mathematical functions. In most FPGAs, the logic blocks also include memory elements, which may be simple flip-flops or more complete blocks of memory. A hierarchy of programmable interconnects allows logic blocks to be interconnected as ne ....etc

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Name– Study of basic gates.
Aim – to study the working of basic gates like AND gate, OR gate and NOT gate.
Apparatus – IC 7404, IC 7408, IC 7432, circuit board, power supply +5V DC, LED, connecting wires, soldering iron, cutter etc.


Procedure –
1) You are given IC 7404, IC 7408 and IC 7432. Identify the ICs by reading their numbers and details from above given pin configurations and specifications.
2) Solder the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
3) Connec ....etc

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Applications of Majority Gates with Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata(QCA)

Not much research was done on the circuits based on majority gates, as the incompatibilities in hardware donâ„¢t permit the CMOS technologies to do so. But this emerging computational nanotechnology called the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has been a great help in learning more about the majority Gates, as it happens to be its primary logic primitive. Characterizing the three variable Boolean function to a simplified m ....etc

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A gate valve is a valve that opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar. The gate faces can form a wedge shape or they can be parallel. Gate valves are sometimes used for regulating flow, but many are not suited for that purpose, having been designed to be fully opened or closed. When fully open, the typical gate valve has no obstruction in the flow path, resulting in very low friction loss.


Gate valves are cha ....etc

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An IGCT is a special type of thyristor similar to a GTO. They can be turned on and off by a gate signal, have lower conduction loss as compared to GTOs, and withstand higher rates of voltage rise (dv/dt), such that no snubber is required for most applications.

The structure of an IGCT is very similar to a GTO thyristor. In an IGCT, the gate turn off current is greater than the anode current. This results in a complete elimination of minority carrier injection from the lower PN junction and faster turn off times. The main difference is a red ....etc

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The need for high-performance, low-power, and low-cost systems for network transport and wireless communications is driving silicon technology toward higher speed, higher integration, and more functionality. Further more, this integration of RF and analog mixed-signal circuits into high-performance digital signal-processing (DSP) systems must be done with minimum cost overhead to be commercially viable. While some analog and RF designs have been attempted in mainstream digital-only complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, al ....etc

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