Voice over Multiprotocol Label switching
Challenges in IP network
 Shortest path is followed in IP network
 Load sharing is not possible
 Congestion is created in IP network
 Routing in network layer
 Processing is slow and delay is more
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM ?
MPLS
• Multi protocol label switching
• Reduces excessive delay
• Instead of shortest follows suitable path on the basis of constraint
• Reduce packet loss
• Provide TE
• Provide QOS ....etc

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:heart:Multiprotocol Label Switching:heart:
In computer networking and telecommunications, Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a data-carrying mechanism that belongs to the family of packet-switched networks. MPLS operates at an OSI Model layer that is generally considered to lie between traditional definitions of Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) and Layer 3 (Network Layer), and thus is often referred to as a Layer 2.5 protocol. It was designed to provide a unified data-carrying service for both circuit-based clients and p ....etc

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ABSTRACT
In IP routing each packet travels from one router to the next, each router makes an independent forwarding decision for that packet. That is each router analyses packet header, and each router runs a network layer routing algorithm. Each router independently chooses a next hop for the packet, based on its analysis and the results of running the routing algorithm.
In conventional IP forwarding a particular router will typically consider two packets to be in the same FEC(forward equivalence class) if there i ....etc

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Security in Virtual Private Networks
Abstract
The internet is an ideal means for information retrieval and exchange.It is cost effective, easy to use and easily accessible.But it is susceptible to certain malpractices such as data tampering and theft.This report analyses the security issues of a virtual private network(VPN) which exist over the internet and different techniques they use to prevent vulnerability.
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ABSTRACT
Virtual Private Networks is a concept introduced to implement global Wide Area Network(WAN) on the Internet. This way enormous costs involved in the traditional implementation of these networks i.e. through dedicated lines or satellite links is reduced considerably. A way to maintain fast, secure and reliable communications is attained wherever the offices are.

In the VPN, Internet is used as the data pipelined replacing the traditional datalines. This approach is just right for small and medium sized busines ....etc

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Networking is crucial to any enterprise, regardless of its size. To provide employees with the ability to corporate computing resources, whatever be their location, a corporation must deploy a scalable remote access solution. Usage of Traditional leased lines result in direct connectivity between various locations, which can be a costly affair in both installation, and maintanence.VPN (Virtual private networks) on the other hand, connect private networks through a public network- the INTERNET. Using a method called ‘tunneling’, VPN can be ....etc

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Definition
VPNs have emerged as the key technology for achieving security over the Internet. While a VPN is an inherently simple concept, early VPN solutions were geared towards large organizations and their implementation required extensive technical expertise. As a consequence, small and medium-sized businesses were left out of the e-revolution. Recently, VPN solutions have become available that focus specifically on the needs of small and medium-sized businesses. Historically, the term VPN has also been used in contexts other than the Inter ....etc

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i want this topic can u help me pls ....etc

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In early 1997, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) established the Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) working group to produce a unified and interoperable multilayer switching standard as each vendor (Cisco Systems, Lucent, and so on) developed a proprietary multilayer switching solution, maintaining the IP control component and label-swapping components in different ways. The majority of these multilayer switching solutions required an ATM transport because they could not operate over mixed media infrastructures, su ....etc

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i m Babo. please send me full report on dynamic virtual private network and also the difference between virtual private network and dynamic virtual private network ....etc

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