Optical fiber (or fiber optic) refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic wire or fiber. Optical fiber carries much more information than conventional copper wire and is in general not subject to electromagnetic interference and the need to retransmit signals. Most telephone company long-distance lines are now of optical fiber.

Transmission on optical fiber wire requires repeaters at distance intervals. The glass fiber requires more protection within an ....etc

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DATA COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Introduction and Historical Perspective
Alexander Graham Bell was a very curious and inventive man. In 1880, four year after he invented a telephone, he patented an “apparatus for signaling and communicating, called photophone.” This device shown in bellow figure, transmitted a voice signal over a distance of 2000 meters using a beam of sunlight a the carrier. As he spoke into the Photophone, the speaking trumpet vibrate the mirror, varying the light energy that reflect onto the p ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
Communication, as it has always been relied and simply depended upon speed. The faster the means! The more popular, the more effective the communication is!
Presently in the twenty-first centaury wireless networking is gaining because of speed and ease of deployment and relatively high network robustness. Modern era of optical communication originated with the invention of LASER in 1958 and fabrication of low-loss optical fiber in
1970
When we hear of optical communications we all think of optical fib ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Free Space Optics (FSO) or Optical Wireless, refers to the transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams through the air to obtain optical communications. Like fiber, Free Space Optics (FSO) uses lasers to transmit data, but instead of enclosing the data stream in a glass fiber, it is transmitted through the air. It is a secure, cost-effective alternative to other wireless connectivity options. This form of delivering communication has a lot of compelling advantages.
Data rates comparab ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Free space optics ( FSO ) is a line-of-sight technology that currently enables optical transmission up to 2.5 Gbps of data, voice, and video communications through the air , allowing optical connectivity without deploying fiber optic cables or securing spectrum licenses. FSO system can carry full duplex data at giga bits per second rates over Metropolitan distances of a few city blocks of few kms. FSO, also known as optical wireless, overcomes this last-mile access bottleneck by sending high “b ....etc

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Free Space Optics (FSO) communications, also called Optical Wireless (OW)
Bo Rong, Yi Qian, Member, IEEE, and Kejie Lu, Member, IEEE
Overview

Imagine a technology that offers unsurpassed reliability and

high-speed connectivity. A technology that can be installed globally is

easy to deploy, license-free and offers a fast, high ROI. That

technology is free-space optics (FSO).

Free Space Optics (FSO) communications, also called Optical

Wireless (OW) or Infrared Laser, refers to the transmission of

modulated visible or infrar ....etc

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INTRODUCTION

With the rapid progress in telecommunications, more and more services are provided on the basis of broadband communications, such as video services and high-speed Internet. With worldwide fundamental construction of a backbone network based on optical fiber providing almost unlimited communications capability, the limited throughput of the subscriber loop becomes one of the most stringent bottlenecks.Compared to the capacity of the backbone network, which is measured by tens of ....etc

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