Fundamentals of Passive Optical Network – Components & its Variants


Passive Optical Network
•Passive optical elements (splitter, coupler, …) based optical distribution network
•Special form of FTTC or FTTH
•Physical star, but logical bus
•Cost effective technology for distribution services
•No powering of remote electronics
•Eliminates need for conditioned enclosures
•Transparent to signal formats
•Simplifies future upgrades


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Abstract
A Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GE-PON)
The GE-PON includes an optical line terminal (OLT), a plurality of optical couplers, and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs). The OLT sets up an active page link and a standby page link in response to a registration request message received over an optical cable. Each of the ONUs is doubly connected with the OLT via the optical cable and is adapted to transmit the registration request message to the OLT, form the active page link with the OLT via the optical cable if it re ....etc

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INTRODUCTION

Miniaturization has been a key contributor to advances in electronic technology. Certainly, miniaturization has been made possible mostly through remarkable breakthroughs in reducing the size of active components. But as integrated circuits get smaller and more complex, there is an increasing need to also reduce the space required for the supporting passive components. If any of the electronic devices such as cellphone, camcorder, computer, or other consumer electronics system is opened, one or two circuit boards on which are mo ....etc

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Definition
Passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging is a method of forming images through the passive detection of naturally occurring millimeter-wave radiation from a scene. Although such imaging has been performed for decades (or more, if one includes microwave radiometric imaging), new sensor technology in the millimeter-wave regime has enabled the generation of PMMW imaging at video rates and has renewed interest in this area. This interest is, in part, driven by the ability to form images during the day or night; in clear weather or in low- ....etc

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Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) are an emerging access network technology that provides a low-cost method of deploying optical access lines between a carrier's central office (CO) and a customer site. EPONs build on the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) standard G.983 for asynchronous transfer mode PONs (APON) and seek to bring to life the dream of a full-services access network (FSAN) that delivers converged data, video, and voice over a single optical access system.
The communications industry is on the cusp of a revolut ....etc

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Passive solar heating and cooling represents an important strategy for displacing traditional energy sources in buildings. Passive solar techniques make use of the steady supply of solar energy by means of building designs that carefully balance their energy requirements with the building's site and window orientation. The term passive indicates that no additional mechanical equipment is used, other than the normal building elements. In this approach, the building itself or some element of it takes advantage of natural energy characteristics in ....etc

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greenfield PON networks was deployed to minimize the costs. This technique uses an efficient heuristic called the Recursive Association and Relocation Algorithm (RARA) to solve the optimization problem. This algorithm can significantly reduce the PON network deployment costs compared to an
intuitive random-cut sectoring approach. The method of cable conduit sharing is proposed to extend to RARA. The studies and analysis shows that there are saturating trends for the PON deployment costs. three system parameters are used viz. optical spli ....etc

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SEND ME THE SEMINAR REPORT ON ethernet passive optical network ....etc

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1.1 THE MOTIVATION FOR PON
One of the most critical decisions for any business involves the purchase of capital equipment. The two important factors which influences this decision are equipment cost and the resulting revenue potential. Service providers face this decision when upgrading existing access networks, and they want to minimize the cost and maximizing the revenue potential. Thus, the most important decision the service provider makes when purchasing network equipment ....etc

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Abstract:
A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters utilizing Brewster's angle principles are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 32-128. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. A PON configuration reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point to point architec ....etc

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