MRAM



introduction

Non-volatile
◦ Information is saved even when there is no
power
Immediate boot up
◦ No need to wait for your computer to boot up
MRAM, SRAM and DRAM
◦ MRAM is potentially capable of replacing both
DRAM, SRAM and many advantages over
technology currently used in electronic devices

DRAM
◦ Advantages: cheap
◦ Disadvantages: Comparatively slow and loses
data when power is off
SRAM
◦ ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
All materials have an inherent magnetic character arising from the movements of their electrons. Since dynamic electric fields induce a magnetic field, the orbit of electrons, which creates atomic current loops, results in magnetic fields. An external magnetic field will cause these atomic magnetic fields to align so that they oppose the external field. This is the only magnetic effect that arises from electron pairs. If a material exhibits only this effect in an applied field it is known as a diamagneti ....etc

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Seminar on Relational Calculus


Comes in two flavours: Tuple relational calculus (TRC) and Domain relational calculus (DRC).
Calculus has variables, constants, comparison ops, logical connectives and quantifiers.
TRC: Variables range over (i.e., get bound to) tuples.
DRC: Variables range over domain elements (= field values).
Both TRC and DRC are simple subsets of first-order logic.
Expressions in the calculus are called formulas. An answer tuple is essentially an assignment of constants to vari ....etc

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Presented by:
ALAN HORWITZ
ARYA EBRAHIMPOUR
Engineering Applications in Differential
and Integral Calculus

The authors describe a two-year collaborative project between the Mathematics and the Engineering Departments. The collaboration effort involved enhancing the first year calculus courses with applied engineering and science projects. Two enhanced sections of the differential (first semester) and integral (second semester) calculus courses w ....etc

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mRAM applicatons recently, mRAM related block diagrams ....etc

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Calculus



You try


Find the area of the region under the graph y = 3x over the interval
By splitting it up into 2 intervals
By splitting it up into 3 intervals
By splitting it up into 6 intervals
Verify your estimation by finding the area Geometrically.
What would the work look like if you split it up into n subintervals?

Day 2: Vocabulary

Antidifferentiation
The process of taking a derivative and figuring out what the original ....etc

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A Calculus Approach to Energy-Efficient Data Transmission With Quality-of-Service Constraints
Zafer, M. A. Modiano, E.
This paper appears in: Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Publication

Abstract
Transmission rate adaptation in wireless devices provides a unique opportunity to trade off data service rate with energy consumption. In this paper, we study optimal rate control to minimize transmission energy expenditure subject to strict deadline or other quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. Specifically, the system consists ....etc

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MRAM, the new breed of semiconductor memory uses magnetic properties to store data. This new kind of chip will compete with other established forms of semiconductor memories such as Flash memory and random access memory (RAM). Most engineers believe, that the technology called magnetoresistive random-access memory(MRAM) could reduce the cost and power consumption of electronics for cell phones, music players, laptops and servers. The feature, that makes MRAM an alluring alternative to other forms of semiconductor memories, is the way it stores ....etc

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It is a step towards a new breed of computer chips that couple memory with information processing. Such chips retain data when computer is turned off, eliminating the time-consuming process of booting up information from hard drive to processor. If we can make semiconductor based magnetic memories when we turn on computer it would be like a TV set-all information will be there with no need for reloading the operating system. All spintronic computers eliminate the need for parallel processing. Computing could be accelerated and customized with r ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION

Impediments to main memory performance have traditionally been due to the divergence in processor versus memory speed and the pin bandwidth limitations of modern packaging technologies. End-user demands are forcing drastic changes in the applications, which use semiconductor memory products, and new applications are emerging with even more unique requirements. Some of these demands include a reduction in power, board space and cost, as well as increased density and performance. Flash memory has been the ans ....etc

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