CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS
Abstract: Now a day the usage of credit cards has dramatically increased. As credit card becomes the most popular mode of payment for both online as well as regular purchase, cases of fraud associated with it are also rising. In this paper, we model the sequence of operations in credit card transaction processing using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and show how it can be used for the detection of frauds. An HMM is initially trained with the normal behavior of a cardholder. If an incoming cre ....etc

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This article describes about a new approach for securing localization and location verification in wireless networks based on hidden and mobile base stations.The goal of this article is to enable localization with a broad spectrum of localization techniques,
ultrasonic or radio, based on the received signal strength or signal time of flight.Localization and ranging techniques in wireless networks mainly rely on measurements of the time of flight of radio (RF ToF) or time of flight of ultrasound signals (US ToF) and on the measurements of rece ....etc

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An automotive AM/FM hidden antenna using the slot between the body of the automobile and a metal solar heat-reduction film in the front windshield is described. Such solar heat-reduction metal films are becoming common and thus represent an opportunity to incorporate an antenna at only marginal cost. The radio frequency (RF) input impedance and gain patterns are described, and techniques for impedance matching are shown. ,Theoretical and experimental antenna patterns are compared in this seminars,The application of this mobile system to the me ....etc

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Detection of corrosion damage in aircraft wing skin structures is an ongoing NDT challenge. Ultrasonic methods are known and well-accepted techniques, which are relatively simple to carry out in terms of setup, probes and instrumentation and operator training. However, with conventional inspection from the top surface using a transducer at normal incidence (0o to the normal to the surface) producing a visual picture in the form of a C-scan, it is very tie consuming to point-by-point inspects large aircraft wing skin areas. In addition it is too ....etc

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different antennas have been developed and investigated for RKE (Remote Keyless Entry) and related automotive applications. These antennas include small printed-on-dielectric passive and active, printed-on glass, and whip-splitter types. Key antenna parameters-including size, performance, antenna shape-are proposed, investigated,The characteristics of small antennas taking into account the often significant effect of the cable length and direction position have also been investigated and are presented; solutions are also presented that eliminat ....etc

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