The calculator is an extension of a mathematician and it has opened up new possibilities within mathematics. It is a machine though, and it is only capable of doing what it is programmed to do. Accordingly, this project aims to develop the internal programmed computational code in the form of a computer program that a scientific calculator could use to compute functions such as square root, the exponential, and sine functions.1 The idea of this project assumes that that the programmer has already developed the very basic addition, ....etc

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Procedure:-
1) Enter the number of points, N
2) Enter the input sequence elements, x
3) Create a vector for the sample index, ’n’
4) Initialize loop variable, ‘k’ for the DFT samples X(k)
5) Calculate the twiddle factor for each ‘k’
6) Multiply x and the twiddle factors , elements-by-element
7) Sum all the products, assign to X(k)
8) Plot the magnitude and phase spectrum
9) Verify the results with built in function
MATLAB program for DFT
clear
clc
close all
% ENTER THE NUMBER OF POINTS
N = ....etc

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Procedure:-
1) Find the length of the first sequence x=x_length
2) Find the length of the first sequence h=h_length
3) Take the circular convolution order as N
4) If x_length < N, pad enough number of zeros to x, so that the number of samples in the modified x=N
5) If h_length < N ,pad enough number of zeros to h, so that the number of samples in the modified h=N
6) Take DFT for modified x=x(k)
7) Take DFT for modified h=H(k)
8) Compute Y(K)=X(K)*H(K)
9) Compute y(n)=IDFT(Y(k))
10) Verify if y=conv(x, ....etc

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#include
#include
short x;
void dft(short *x, short k, int *out); //function prototype
#define N 8 //number of data values
float pi = 3.1416;
int sumRe,sumIm;
short x = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}; //1-cycle cosine
int out = {0,0};
int real,imag,k=0; //init Re and Im results
void dft(short *x, short k, int *out) //DFT function
{
int sumRe = 0, sumIm = 0; //init real/imag components
float cs = 0, sn = 0; //init cosine/sine components
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) //for N-point DFT
{
cs = cos(2* ....etc

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i need the values of twiddle factor for an eight point dft (to use in matrix form) ....etc

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Dear Sir,
Can you please provide the code for An improved dft based channel estimation algorithm for mimo ofdm systems, as i have the code but the execution results are not related with the abstract results.
thanks in advance. ....etc

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Abstract
Information hiding for covert communication is rapidlygaining momentum. With sophisticated techniques beingdeveloped in steganography, steganalysis needs to beuniversal. In this paper we propose Universal Steganalysisusing Histogram, Discrete Fourier Transform and SVM(SHDFT). The stego image has irregular statisticalcharacteristics as compare to cover image. Using Histogramand DFT, the statistical features are generated to train One-Class SVM to discriminate the cover and stego image.SHDFT algorithm is found to be efficient an ....etc

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Procedure:-
1) Find the length of the first sequence x=x_length
2) Find the length of the second sequence h=h_length
3) Estimate the number of samples in the result of linear convolution of x &h=Y_length
4) If X_length 5) If h_length 6) Take DFT for modified x=x(k)
7) Take DFT for modified h=H(k)
8) ....etc

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i need mat lab code for an improved dft based channel estimation algorithm for mimo ofdm systems
sent me the mat lab code for an improved dft based channel estimation algorithm for mimo ofdm systems ....etc

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2-D DFT of two dimensional finite extent sequences.

2-D DFT and Convolution
The DFT can be computed with a fast algorithm and it is sometimes beneficial to do the convolution of two sequences A (M1 £ N1) and B (M2 £ N2) via point DFTs. Speed improvements are only possible if both sequences have large dimensions. Otherwise convolutions are better implemented via the convolution sum.

2-D Low-Pass Filtering of Images We will be intere ....etc

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