Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is important performance parameter of any difference amplifier. It is the ratio of the differential gain to the common-mode gain, generally expressed in dB. It signifies the ability of an opamp to reject common mode signal, the signal which appears simultaneously at both its input terminals. The CMRR is of great importance when it comes to noise rejection. For applications involving high CMRR, instrumentation amplifiers consisting of three opamps are generally used. It has a major disadvantage that the value o ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

hello,i m ASAD ali from i m electrical engineering final year student and i m intrusted in transformer so i want to go for some good project about trasnformer
so please send me information about measurement of inrush current in transformer and how can i use it for the protection of distribution transformer by designing some relay or some thing else please give me good idea and tell me how i should start my project i hope i ll get good and very usefull guide line from you sir.

....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Definition

An accurate electric current transducer is a key component of any power system instrumentation. To measure currents power stations and substations conventionally employ inductive type current transformers with core and windings. For high voltage applications, porcelain insulators and oil-impregnated materials have to be used to produce insulation between the primary bus and the secondary windings. The insulation structure has to be designed carefully to avoid electric field stresses, which could eventually cause insulation breakdo ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Surge current protection using superconductors

Introduction
The recent growth of power circuit capacities has caused fault currents to increase. Since the protection of power systems from the fault currents is very important, it is needed to develop a fault current limiter.

A fault current limiter is required to assure (1) rapid reaction to fault currents, (2) how impedance in normal operation and (3) large impedance during fault conditions. A super conducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) can meet these requirements superconductors, bec ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

The recent growth of power circuit capacities has caused fault currents to increase. Since the protection of power systems from the fault currents is very important, it is needed to develop a fault current limiter.

A fault current limiter is required to assure (1) rapid reaction to fault currents, (2) how impedance in normal operation and (3) large impedance during fault conditions. A super conducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) can meet these requirements superconductors, because of their sharp transition from zero resistance at normal cu ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Magneto-optical current transformer technology (MOCT)

An accurate electric current transducer is a key component of any power system instrumentation. To measure currents power stations and substations conventionally employ inductive type current transformers with core and windings. For high voltage applications, porcelain insulators and oil-impregnated materials have to be used to produce insulation between the primary bus and the secondary windings. The insulation structure has to be designed car ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Abstract
This paper presents an analytic current model for capacitively coupled Single-Electron Tunneling Transistors (SETTs) that is based on a modified M-state steady-state master equation. Based on this current model we also derive a current noise model for SETT. To validate the proposed models we calculate their characteristics at different device parameters and different operation temperatures and compare them with the corresponding characteristics calculated by the full master equation method. The results indicate that the propo ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

can u send me information about surg current protection using superconductors........ ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Abstract.
Precise positioning in indoor environments faces different challenges than the outdoor ones. While indoor environments are limited in size to rooms and buildings, outdoor positioning capabilities require regional or even global coverage. Secondly, the difficulty of receipting satellite signals indoors has triggered the development of high sensitive and AGNSS receivers “ with many issues remaining unsolved. Thirdly, the accuracy requirements are dissimilar between indoor and outdoor environments “ typic ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]