Presented By:

Swapna

Chapter-1
Broadband Access Alternatives

Broadband access and services are delivered using a variety of technologies, network architectures and transmission methods. The most significant broadband technologies include:
¢ Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
¢ Fiber Technologies
¢ Coaxial Cable
¢ Wireless
¢ BPL (Broadband Over Power Lines)
The following is a brief description of each of the above referenced access technology.

1.1 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Bro ....etc

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Final Report on
Dual-Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) Detector Implementation
Presented By:
Giiner Arslan
for EE382C Embedded Software Systems
Abstract
Dual-tone Multi-frequency (DTMF) signals are used in touch-tone telephones as well as many other areas such as interactive control, telephone banking, and pager system. As analog telephone lines are converted to digital, researchers became interested in digital DTMF detectors.
There are many digital DTMF detecting algorithms, but most of them do not comply wit ....etc

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Abstract
The need of low-loss substrate materials with stable dielectric performances over a wide frequency range is a strong
requirement when working at millimeter frequencies, where standard dielectric substrates exhibit prohibitive losses. In
this contribution, the authors focus their attention on a polymer material, the benzocyclobutene (BCB), having a low
dielectric constant equal to 2.65, and a low loss tangent, equal to 0.0008 at 1 GHz, with a stable dielectric behavior
over a broad frequency range, up to THz. The use of BCB ....etc

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ABSTRACT
UWB is a wireless technology that transmits binary data”the 0s and 1s that are the digital building blocks of modern information systems. It uses low-energy and extremely short duration (in the order of pico seconds) impulses or bursts of RF (radio frequency) energy over a wide spectrum of frequencies, to transmit data over short to medium distances, say about 15”100 m. It doesn™t use carrier wave to transmit data.
Current radio technology - picture a guy watering his lawn with a garden hose
an ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Hypersonic sound technology from American Technology Corporation employs ultrasonic waves to create audible sound in the air. It works by using harmless ultrasonic tones that we can't hear. These tones use the property of air to create new tones that are within the range of human hearing. The result is audible sound. The acoustical sound wave is created directly in the air molecules by down-converting ultrasonic energy to the frequency spectrum we can hear. Hyper Sonic Sound is produced without the excess bag ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Wide band Sigma-Delta PLL modulator is based on PLL fractional N synthesis techniques along with Sigma-Delta modulation to randomize fractional N spurs. A modified Sigma-Delta function allows for suppression of Sigma-Delta noise at low frequencies & hence allows wider bandwidth. This is achieved using a fractional-N PLL architecture. They are capable of synthesizing frequencies at channel spacings less than the reference frequency. This helps to increase the reference frequency & hence reduces PL ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Spacecraft missions such a spacecraft docking and formation flying requires high-precision relative position and attitude data. Although a global positioning system (GPS) can provide this capability near the earth, deep space missions require the use of alternative technologies. One such technology is the vision-based navigation (VISNAV) sensor system developed at Texas A&M university .J comprises an electro optical sensor combined with light sources or beacons. This patented sensor has an analog detector in the ....etc

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Abstract.
We consider updates to an n-dimensional frequency vector of a data stream, that is, the vector f is updated coordinate-wise by means of insertions or deletions in any arbitrary order. A fundamental problem in this model is to recall the vector approximately, that is to return an estimate ^ f of f such that j ^ fi ....etc

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ROBUST DWT-SVD DOMAIN IMAGE WATERMARKING: EMBEDDING DATA IN ALL FREQUENCIES
Watermarking (data hiding) is the process of embedding data into a multimedia element such as image, audio or video. This embedded data can later be extracted from, or detected in, the multimedia for security purposes. A watermarking algorithm consists of the watermark structure, an embedding algorithm, and an extraction, or detection, algorithm. Watermarks can be embedded in the pixel domain or a transform domain. In multimedia applications, embedded watermarks shou ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Hypersonic sound technology from American Technology Corporation employs ultrasonic waves to create audible sound in the air. It works by using harmless ultrasonic tones that we can't hear. These tones use the property of air to create new tones that are within the range of human hearing. The result is audible sound. The acoustical sound wave is created directly in the air molecules by down-converting ultrasonic energy to the frequency spectrum we can hear. Hyper Sonic Sound is produced without the excess bag ....etc

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SIX SIGMA -Quality Improvement Program

ABSTRACT:
Six Sigma is a smarter way to manage business or department. It is a vision of quality that equates with only 3.4 defects for million opportunities for each product or service transactions. Strives for perfection.
We believe that defects free product can be in any organization implementing six sigma. In this paper, we presented an overview of the process which explains how six sigma increase the overall quality improvement task into a series of project manageme ....etc

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ABSTRACT

Power quality is essential for smooth functioning of industrial process. As industries expand, utilities become more interconnected and usage of electrically equipment increases, power quality is jeopardized. The quality of power in the power system is severely affected by the presence of harmonics. This harmonics adversely effects the power system performance. Some of the effects are over heating of metal parts, noise in motors, low efficiency in motors etc. The effects produced by the harmonics are reduced by a ....etc

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HIGH THROUGHPUT AND LOW POWER REED SOLOMEN DECODER FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND FREQUENCIES

Abstract:- Reed Solomon (RS) codes have been widely used in a variety of communication systems such as space communication link, digital subscriber loops and wireless systems, as well as in networking Communications and magnetic and data storage systems. Continual demand for ever-higher data rates and storage capacity makes it necessary to devise very high-speed implementations of RS Decoders. Newer and faster implementations of the decoder are being developed ....etc

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ABSTRACT
The term echo cancellation is used in telephony to describe the process of removing echo from a voice communication in order to improve voice quality on a telephone call. In addition to improving subjective quality, this process increases the capacity achieved through silence suppression by preventing echo from traveling across a network.



Two sources of echo have primary relevance in telephony:
acoustic echo and
hybrid echo.
Echo cancellation involves first recognizing the originally transmitted signal that re-appe ....etc

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