14-04-2011, 10:28 AM
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description:
The microcontroller is at the heart of this project. The perimeter of the secured area is monitored by surveillance cameras and is supported by an electric fence. In the view of power saving we have enhanced the electric fence with PIR sensors. The electric fence also uses solar panel the above mentioned advantage The PIR sensor works on the principle of voltage bucking configuration.
These sensors detect motion within a field of view that requires a line of sight; they cannot "see" through obstacles and have limited sensitivity to minor (hand) movement at distances typically greater than 15 feet.
Whenever the PIR sensor senses the intrusion, it sends the data back to the controller and thus the electric fence and the flood lights in that zone will be activated. As the electric fence is automated it automatically switches OFF after a certain delay thus reducing the risk of death of the intruder and because of zonal lighting technology the lights corresponding to that zone are switched ON, so it becomes easy to pin point the location of intrusion.
The main gate is equipped with motion sensor so as to detect the motion of the vehicles moving in and out of the area.
1.2 Implementation methodology:
The sensor technology is the fast growing technology and is being effectively used to save electricity. It not only saves the electricity but also is intelligent enough and accurate, so can be replaced for manpower. This project presents design and implementation of perimeter security system by means of sensor technology. The design integrates the micro controller, sensors module and a servo motor module so that it can be used for a wide range of applications.
A P89V51RD2 (is an 80C51 microcontroller) microcontroller is used to control the sensors and it will communicate to the flood lights, electric fence and servo motor through relays and the serial port of controller. Most of the perimeter security devices are connected to AC mains, so a special care is to be taken to switch the appliances.
Hardware requirements
3.1 Microcontroller (P89C51RD2):
3.1.1 General description:
The P89V51RD2 is an 80C51 microcontroller with 64 kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM.A key feature of the P89V51RD2 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI. The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial In-System Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to field/update the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible. The P89V51RD2 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.
3.1.2 Features:
• 80C51 Central Processing Unit
• 5v Operating voltage from 0 to 40MHz
• 64 kB of on-chip Flash program memory with ISP (In-System Programming) and
• IAP (In-Application Programming)
• Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or ISP
• SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and enhanced UART
• PCA (Programmable Counter Array) with PWM and Capture/Compare functions
• Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current Port 1 pins (16 mA each)
• Three 16-bit timers/counters
• Programmable Watchdog timer (WDT)
• Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels
• Second DPTR register
• Low EMI mode (ALE inhibit)
• TTL- and CMOS-compatible logic levels.
• Brown-out detection
• Low power modes
• Power-down mode with external interrupt wake-up
• Idle mode
• PDIP40, PLCC44 and TQFP44 packages
