optical fiber communication full report

[seminar class]

Submitted
Sana Rao
SIR TiSMAN PASHA

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HISTORY
 Alexander Graham Bell patented an optical telephone system called the photo phone in 1880 .
That same year, William Wheeler invented a system of light pipes.
WHAT ARE OPTICAL FIBERS ?
 Optical Fibers are thins long (km) strands of ultra pure glass (silica) or plastic that can to transmit light from one end to an other.
 Basic Information
What is Optical Fiber Cable?
Optical cables used to transmit light signals over long distances.
It has basic three parts:
Core:
Cladding
Coating:
 Working of Optical fibers?
 TX
 RX
Principle of operation
 Dielectric (nonconducting ) that transmits light along its axis
 Total internal reflection.
 Refractive index
 Step-index fiber
 Graded-index fiber.
Optical Fiber Classification
Can be classified in a number of ways
 On the basis of manufacturing
 On the basis of profile
Types of Optical Fiber
There are two basic types of fiber:
 Multi Mode Optical Fiber:
Used to transmit many signals per fiber (Multi Mode generally are used for in computer networks, LAN applications)
 Single Mode Optical Fiber:
Used to transmit one signal per fiber (Single Mode generally are used for in telephones and cable TV applications)
Types of fiber optic cable of structures
 Glass Optical Fiber:
Glass fiber-optic cable has a Glass core and cladding.
 Plastic Optical Fiber (POF):
Plastic fiber-optic cable has a plastic core and cladding.
 Plastic Coated Silica Cable:
(PCS). PCS fiber-optic cable has a Glass core and Plastic cladding.
APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBERS
 Telephone Systems
 Internet
 Video Feeds
 Medical Operations
 Home Theater Systems
 Optical fiber communication
 Optical fiber can be used as a medium for telecommunication and networking because it is flexible and can be bundled as cables .
 Over short distances.
USES
 Medical
 Defense/Government
 Data Storage
 Telecommunications
Fiber is laid and used for transmitting and receiving purposes
 Networking
Used to connect users and servers.
 Industrial/Commercial
 Broadcast/CATV
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS
 VERY HIGH INFORMATION CARRING CAPACITY.
 SMALL IN DIAMETER AND SIZE & LIGHT WEIGHT
 LOW COST AS COMPARED TO COPPER
 GREATER SAFETY
 ZERO RESALE VALUE
FIBER OPTIC CABLE ADVANTAGES OVER COPPER:
 • SPEED: Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds - up into the gigabits
 • BANDWIDTH: large carrying capacity
 • DISTANCE: Signals can be transmitted further without needing to be "refreshed" or strengthened.
 • RESISTANCE: Greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors or other nearby cables
 • MAINTENANCE: Fiber optic cables costs much less to maintain.
Disadvantages of Fiber Optic Cabling
 Adding additional nodes is difficult
 Cost of transmission equipment is Higher than copper
 Cost of installation is Higher than copper
 Difficult to Install
 Expensive over short distance (less 5 km)
 Requires highly skilled installers