07-01-2011, 03:55 PM
[attachment=8004]
Submitted by
SANJEEEV KUMAR
Under Guidance of
Mr.B.R.Ambedkar
INSTITUTE OF ENGINERRING & TECHNOLOGYROHILKHAND UNIVERSITY, BAREILLY
Abstract
First computers became more visual, then they took a step further to understand vocal commands and now they have gone a step further and became ‘TOUCHY’, that is skin to screen.
A touch screen is an easy to use input device that allows users to control PC software and DVD video by touching the display screen. A touch system consists of a touch Sensor that receives the touch input, a Controller, and a Driver. The most commonly used touch technologies are the Capacitive & Resistive systems. The other technologies used in this field are Infrared technology, Near Field Imaging & SAW (surface acoustic wave technology). These technologies are latest in this field but are very much expensive.
The use of touch systems as Graphical User Interface (GUI) devices for computers continues to grow popularity. Touch systems are used for many applications such as ATM’s, point-of–sale systems, industrial controls, casinos & public kiosks etc. Touch system is basically an alternative for a mouse or keyboard.
The market for touch system is going to be around $2.5 billion by 2004. Various companies involved in development of touch systems mainly are Philips, Samsung etc. Even touch screen mobile phones have been developed by Philips.
INTRODUCTION
A touch screen is computer display screen that is sensitive to human touch, allowing a user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen. Touch screen are used with information kiosks (an interactive computer terminal available for public use, as one with internet access or site specific information), computer based training devices, and system designed to help individuals who have difficulty in manipulating a mouse or keyboard. Touch screen technology can be used as an alternative user interface with application that normally requires a mouse, such as a web browser. Some applications are designed specifically for touch screen technology, often having larger icon and page link than typical PC application. Monitors are available with built in touch screen kit.
A touch screen kit includes a touch screen panel, a controller, and a software driver. The touch screen panels are is a clear panel attached externally to the monitors that plug in to a serial or a universal serial Bus (USB) port a bus Card installed inside the computer. The touch screen panel registers touch event and passes these signal to controller. The controller then processes the signals and sends the data to the processor. The software driver translates the touch events into mouse events. Driver can be provided for both Window and Macintosh operating systems. Internal touch screen kits are available but require professional installation because the must be installed inside the monitors.
HISTORY OF TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLOGY
Dr. Sam Hurst, founder of Elographics, developed the first “touch screen” while he was an instructor at the university of Kentucky in 1971.
Ten stockholders founded Elographics, Inc. in March 1971, to produce Graphical data Digitizers for use in research and industrial application, with the, principal being Dr. Sam Hurst. He was on leave from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to tech at the University of Kentucky for two years, where he was faced with a need to read a huge stack of strip chart data. It would have taken two graduate student s approximately two month to do the task. He started to thinking of a way to read the and during the process, the “Elograph” (Electronic graphics) coordinate measuring system and Elographics the company were born. The University Kentucky research foundation applied for and was granted a patent on the Elograph. The foundation granted an exclusive license to Elographics.
The touch screen is one of the easiest to use and most intuitive of all PC interface of choices from a wide variety of applications. A touch interface to allow users to navigate a computer system by touching icon or links on the screen.
The Benefits of Touch Screen
• Reduce training expenses
Touch screen system are far easier to learn then traditional keyboard based. Everyday retail function like Selection tender, editing and voiding line items and capturing customer demographic information are made intuitive by virtue of the touch screen- and the right touch screen software. Many retailers, especially those in the service sector, sell items that cannot be easily bar coded. Touch system make it easy to ring up these items and of course, still to allow the use of all standard bar coded technologies. Studies show reduction in training time in excess of 50% can be expected. Enhanced POS function can be added with the knowledge that employees will be able to utilizes them quickly and easily.
• Improve customer Service
If your customer have to wait for your employees to figure out how to use the store’s system , you are going lose costumer. Touch screen system eliminate this embarrassing and all too common, problem. Today’s retailers need to learn as much as possible about there customers needs and buying habits. Capturing customers information is a snap with touch screen POS systems.
• Reduce Transaction Times
Studies show touch screen systems process transactions up to 60% faster than traditional keyboard POS systems. One info touch’ customer has clocked in with a traction rate of over 60 per Hrs. per register, over 20,000per day-with volunteers.
• Decrease Cost
In a touch screen POS system, the lay out of the color coded “keys” is stored in file on your hard drive. Change to the layout can be accomplished during the nightly poll of store data the time and expense of changing hardware key caps is eliminated.
How Does a Touch Screen Work?
A basic touch screen has three main components: a touch sensor, a controller, and a software driver. The touch screen is an input device, so it needs to be combined with a display and a PC or other device to make a complete touch input system.
Touch Sensor
A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The touch sensor/panel is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the viewable area of the video screen. There are several different touch sensor technologies on the market today, each using a different method to detect touch input. The sensor generally has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a voltage or signal change. This voltage change is used to determine the location of the touch to the screen.
Controller
The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can understand. The controller is usually installed inside the monitor for integrated monitors or it is housed in a plastic case for external touch add-ons/overlays. The controller determines what type of interface/connection you will need on the PC. Integrated touch monitors will have an extra cable connection on the back for the touch screen. Controllers are available that can connect to a Serial/COM port (PC) or to a USB port (PC or Macintosh). Specialized controllers are also available that work with DVD players and other devices.
Software Driver
The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the touch screen and computer to work together. It tells the computer's operating system how to interpret the touch event information that is sent from the controller. Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-emulation type driver. This makes touching the screen the same as clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen. This allows the touch screen to work with existing software and allows new applications to be developed without the need for touch screen specific programming. Some equipment such as thin client terminals, DVD players, and specialized computer systems either do not use software drivers or they have their own built-in touch screen driver.
we offer two main types of touch screen products, touch screen add-ons and integrated touch screen monitor. Touch screen add-ons are touch screen panels that hang over an existing computer monitor. Integrated touch screen monitors are computer displays that have the touch screen built-in. Both product types work in the same way, basically as an input device like a mouse or track pad.
Diversity of touch Screen
Resistive this technology uses to layers of conductive material to create an X/Y grid (vertical lines on one surface, horizontal). When pressure is applied to the flexible top layer, the grid surfaces come in contact and allow current to flow. The presence of current in a vertical and horizontal line gives the X/Y coordinate of the touch.
Because the screen itself supplies all current, workers with heavy gloves can work this type of screen.
The draw back to resistive screen is that they are subject to scratches, burns and others type of damage to protect against damage, companies such as DynaPro apply and additional Mylar over laminate, which can be replaced if damaged.
