Grid Computing seminars report

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Grid Computing

 Presentation agenda
 Introduction.
 Background.
 Definition.
 Why it is?
 How it works?
 Applications
 Entry to Grid
 Adv. & Dis adv.
 Conclusion.
 Introduction to Grid Computing
 The term Grid comes from an analogy to the
Electric Grid.
– Pervasive access to power.
– Similarly, Grid will provide pervasive, consistent, and inexpensive access to advanced computational resources.
 Grid computing is all about achieving greater.
performance and throughput by pooling resources on a local, national, or international level
 Scalable Computing
 Definition
 What is Grid computing?
Two or more computers improving
performance
scalability
 Compute Grids= Parallel Execution
 Data Grids = parallelize data storage
 Grid computing= Compute Grids+ Data Grids
 Cousins of Grid Computing
 Parallel Computing
 Distributed Computing
 Peer-to-Peer Computing
 Many others: Cluster Computing, Network Computing, Client/Server Computing, Internet Computing, etc...
 Why Grids ?
 Solving grand challenge applications using computer modeling, simulation and analysis
 What is Grid ?
 A paradigm/infrastructure that
enabling the sharing, selection, & aggregation
of geographically distributed resources:
 Computers – PCs, workstations, clusters, supercomputers,
laptops, notebooks, mobile devices, PDA, etc;
 Software – e.g., ASPs renting expensive special purpose applications on demand;
 Catalogued data and databases – e.g. transparent access to
human genome database;
 Special devices/instruments – e.g., radio telescope – SETI@Home searching for life in galaxy.
 People/collaborators.
[depending on their availability, capability, cost, and user QoS requirements]
for solving large-scale problems/applications.
 Are Grids a Solution?
 What does the Grid do for you?
 You submit your work
 And the Grid
– Finds convenient places for it to be run
– Organises efficient access to your data
 Caching, migration, replication
– Deals with authentication to the different sites that you will be using
– Interfaces to local site resource allocation mechanisms, policies
– Runs your jobs, Monitors progress, Recovers from problems,Tells you when your work is complete
 What does the Grid do for you?
 If there is scope for parallelism, it can also decompose your work into convenient execution units based on the available resources, data distribution
 Main components
 How it works
 The grid computing concept isn't a new one.
 It's a special kind of distributedcomputing.
 In distributed computing, different computers within the same network share one or more resources. In the ideal grid computing system, every resource is shared, turning a computer network into a powerful supercomputer.
 WORKING….
 All the available resources (work stations, servers, software, storage, etc.) as well as a set of tools that could be compared to an operating system, make up the computing grid.
 WORKING….
 At the core, a resource broker, which handles resource supply and demand according to technical and economic criteria.
 A scheduler is responsible for distributing resources to the various machines.
 Security and access are in turn managed by the Grid Security Infrastructure, which handles the identification of each resource solicitor as well as access authorization up to a certain level to guarantee confidentiality.
 Types of grid
 Computational grid: A computational grid is focused on setting aside resources specifically for computing power. In this type of grid, most of the machines are high-performance servers
 Scavenging grid: A scavenging grid is most commonly used with large numbers of desktop machines. Machines are scavenged for available CPU cycles and other resources.
 Data grid: A data grid is responsible for housing and providing access to data across multiple organizations.
 Users are not concerned with where this data is located.
 Layered Grid Architecture
 FABRIC LAYER:
INTERFACES TO LOCAL CONTROL
 The Grid Fabric layer provides the resources to which shared access is mediated by Grid protocols.
 CONNECTIVITYLAYER:
COMMUNICATING EASILY AND SECURELY
 The Connectivity layer defines core communication and authentication protocols required for Grid-specific network transactions.
 Communication protocols enable the exchange of data between Fabric layer resources.
 RESOURCE LAYER:
SHARING SINGLE RESOURCE
 The Resource layer builds on Connectivity layer communication and authentication protocols to define protocols (and APIs and SDKs) for the secure negotiation, initiation, monitoring, control, accounting, and payment of sharing operations on individual resources.
 COLLECTIVE:
COORDINATING MULTIPLE RESOURCES
 contains protocols and services (and APIs and SDKs) that are not associated with any one specific resource but rather are global in nature and capture interactions across collections of resources.
 Biomedical applications
 Earth sciences
 Earth Observations by Satellite
– Ozone profiles
 Solid Earth Physics
– Fast Determination of mechanisms
of important earthquakes
 Hydrology
– Management of water resources
in Mediterranean area (SWIMED)
 Geology
– Geocluster: R&D initiative of the
Compagnie Générale de Géophysique
 A large variety of applications is the key !!!
 GARUDA
 Department of Information Technology (DIT), Govt. of India, has funded CDAC to deploy computational grid named GARUDA as Proof of Concept project.
 It will connect 45 institutes in 17 cities in the country at 10/100 Mbps bandwidth.
 Other Grids in India
 ADVANTAGES:
 • Can solve larger, more complex problems in a shorter time
• Easier to collaborate with other organizations
• Make better use of existing hardware
 DISADVANTAGES:
 Grid software and standards are still evolving

• Non-interactive job submission
 CONCLUSION:
 Grid computing provides a framework and deployment platform that enables resource sharing, accessing, aggregation, and management in a distributed computing environment based on system performance, users' quality of services, as well as emerging open standards, such as Web services. This is the era of Service Computing