22-01-2015, 05:38 PM
remedial measures of thermal pollution
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remedial measures of thermal pollution
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remedial measures of thermal pollution
29-03-2017, 03:15 PM
Thermal pollution is defined as the addition of undesirable excess heat to water, making it harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Thermal pollution can also lead to significant deviations from the activities of aquatic communities.
Measures to control thermal pollution
The following methods can be adapted to control the high temperature caused by thermal discharges:
1. Cooling Towers: The use of water from water systems for cooling systems for cooling purposes, with a return to the waterway after passing through a condenser, is called the cooling process. Cooling towers transfer heat from hot water to the atmosphere by evaporation. Cooling towers are of two types:
(I) Wet cooling tower: The hot water leaving the condenser (reactor) is allowed to spray on the baffles. The fresh air, with high speed, is passed from the sides, which removes the heat and refreshes the water.
(Ii) Dry cooling tower: here, hot water is allowed to flow in long spiral pipes. Cold air with the help of a fan is passed over these hot pipes, which cools the hot water. This cold water can be recycled.
2. Cooling ponds: Cooling ponds are the best way to cool thermal discharges. Effluents heated on the surface of the water in the cooling ponds maximize the dissipation of heat to the atmosphere and minimize the area and volume of water. The wedhe warm water acts as a cooling pond.
3. Spray ponds: The water coming out of the condensers is allowed to pass through the sprayers to the ponds. Here the water is sprayed through nozzles like fine droplets. The heat of fine droplets dissipates into the atmosphere.
4. Artificial Lakes: Artificial lakes are man-made water bodies that offer one-time cooling. The heated effluents can be discharged into the lake at one end and the water for cooling can be withdrawn from the other end. The heat eventually dissipates by evaporation.
Measures to control thermal pollution
The following methods can be adapted to control the high temperature caused by thermal discharges:
1. Cooling Towers: The use of water from water systems for cooling systems for cooling purposes, with a return to the waterway after passing through a condenser, is called the cooling process. Cooling towers transfer heat from hot water to the atmosphere by evaporation. Cooling towers are of two types:
(I) Wet cooling tower: The hot water leaving the condenser (reactor) is allowed to spray on the baffles. The fresh air, with high speed, is passed from the sides, which removes the heat and refreshes the water.
(Ii) Dry cooling tower: here, hot water is allowed to flow in long spiral pipes. Cold air with the help of a fan is passed over these hot pipes, which cools the hot water. This cold water can be recycled.
2. Cooling ponds: Cooling ponds are the best way to cool thermal discharges. Effluents heated on the surface of the water in the cooling ponds maximize the dissipation of heat to the atmosphere and minimize the area and volume of water. The wedhe warm water acts as a cooling pond.
3. Spray ponds: The water coming out of the condensers is allowed to pass through the sprayers to the ponds. Here the water is sprayed through nozzles like fine droplets. The heat of fine droplets dissipates into the atmosphere.
4. Artificial Lakes: Artificial lakes are man-made water bodies that offer one-time cooling. The heated effluents can be discharged into the lake at one end and the water for cooling can be withdrawn from the other end. The heat eventually dissipates by evaporation.
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