TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
#1

[attachment=2774]

TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
Abstract
On December 26, 2004, a massive underwater earthquake off the coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island rattled the Earth in its orbit. The quake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale is the largest one since 1964. Dozens of aftershocks with magnitudes of 5.0 or higher occurred in the following days. But the most powerful and destructive aftermath of this devastating earthquake is the tsunami that it caused. The death toll reached higher than 225,000, and many communities suffered devastating property damage
The devastation of this tsunami overshadowed the devastation of any other tsunami we've seen in recent history, but scientifically, the course of events followed the same basic sequence of a typical tsunami. In this paper, we'll look at what causes tsunamis, the physics that drives them and the effects of a tsunami strike. We will also examine scientists' worldwide efforts to monitor and predict tsunamis with the help of a TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM in order to avoid disasters like the one that occurred in the final days of 2004. This paper also focuses on an improved version of the TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM called the DART (DEEP OCEAN ASSESMENT AND REPORTING OF TSUNAMIS).
Reply
#2
On December 26, 2004, a massive underwater earthquake off the coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island rattled the Earth in its orbit. The quake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale is the largest one since 1964. Dozens of aftershocks with magnitudes of 5.0 or higher occurred in the following days. But the most powerful and destructive aftermath of this devastating earthquake is the tsunami that it caused. The death toll reached higher than 225,000, and many communities suffered devastating property damage
The devastation of this tsunami overshadowed the devastation of any other tsunami we've seen in recent history, but scientifically, the course of events followed the same basic sequence of a typical tsunami. In this paper, we'll look at what causes tsunamis, the physics that drives them and the effects of a tsunami strike. We will also examine scientists' worldwide efforts to monitor and predict tsunamis with the help of a TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM in order to avoid disasters like the one that occurred in the final days of 2004. This paper also focuses on an improved version of the TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM called the DART (DEEP OCEAN ASSESMENT AND REPORTING OF TSUNAMIS).
[attachment=5822]
Reply
#3
i need a ppt of ds seminar cn u pls snd
Reply
#4
[attachment=15405]
ABSTRACT
Tsunami strike without warning. The resulting damage can be minimized and lives can be saved if the people living near the coastal areas are already prepared survive the strike .This requires a warning system. The warning signal can be transmitted to different places using satellite communication network, fiber -optics network, cell phone service or a combination of these. For sea side areas, an alert system using Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network is proposed. This system does not try to find the origin of tsunami waves but it simply generates an alert signal when the pressure level of sea water crosses a threshold.
INTRODUCTION
Tsunami is a natural disaster. It cannot be avoided.But we can reduce the damages caused by it. For that we are in need of tsunami warning system. The system used here is Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami(DART).We are also going to see how the global system for mobile communications(GSM)network reduces the time taken to warn people.
TSUNAMI FEATURES
In the open ocean, tsunamis may have wavelengths up to several hundred miles and travel at speeds up to 950 kilometers per hour-as fast as a passenger jet. The speed of tsunami is controlled by water depth-as the wave approaches land it reaches shallow water and slows down .Compared to the front of the wave, the rear moves slightly faster and catches up. The result is that the wave quickly ‘bunches up’ and becomes much higher. the highest tsunami occur if they encounter a long and gradual swallowing of the water, because this allows enough time for the wave to interact with its surroundings and cause extensive damage to low lying areas.
TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
Tsunamis strike without warning .The resulting damage can be maintained and lives can saved if the people living near the coastal areas are already prepared to survive the strike. This requires a warning system .The type discussed here is Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis {DART}.Each DART station consists of a seafloor Bottom Pressure Recording {BPR} package that detects pressure changes caused by tsunamis and a surface Buoy which receives transmitted information from BPR via an acoustic link. The Buoy and BPR together are called a “TSUNAMETER” and each one costs about USD 250,000.
The BPR monitors water pressure with a resolution of approximately 1mm of sea water with 15-second averaged samples. Data are transmitted from the BPR via an acoustic modem and data are transmitted from the buoy via the GOES data collection system. Under normal conditions the BPR sends data hourly that is comprised of four 15-minute values which are single 15-second averages. The BPR can make up to 3 tries to get acknowledgement from the surface buoy that the data were received. The data are reformatted and send via the GOES self-timed channel and displayed at the NDBCDART page to show open tides. The hourly observation indicates the health and condition of the entire system. If data are not received from the BPR, the surface buoy uses the GPS derived buoy position for self timed message. An algorithm residing in the BPR generates predicted water height values and compares all new samples with predicted values.
TSUNAMI DETECTION ALGORITHM
Each Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) gauge is designed to detect and report tsunamis on its own, without instruction from land. The tsunami detection algorithm in the gauge’s software works by first estimating the amplitudes of the pressure fluctuations within the tsunami frequency band and then testing these amplitudes against a threshold value. The amplitudes are computed by subtracting predicted pressures from the observations, in which the predictions closely match the tides and lower frequency fluctuations. The predictions are updated every 15 seconds, which is the sampling interval of the DART gauges.
Background oceanic noise determines the minimum detection threshold. Based on passed observations, a reasonable threshold for the north pacific is 3cm. if the amplitudes exceed the threshold; the gauge goes into a rapid reporting mode to provide detailed information about the tsunami. It remains in this mode for at least 4 hours.
FORM OF THE TSUNAMI DETECTION ALGORITHM
The tides and lower frequency signals are predicted within a few millimeters using a cubic polynomial that is fit to Bottom Pressure Observations over the past3 hours.
Hp (t’) =w (i)H*(t-idt)
Where the asterisk denotes 10-minute averages and dt =1hour. The prediction time t’ is said to 5.25 minutes, which is half the 10 minute averaging interval plus the 15 seconds sampling interval for the gauges. The coefficients w (i) come from Newton formula.(II) for forward extrapolation. Using these temporal parameters the w-coefficients are
W (0) =1.16818457031250
W (1) =-0.28197558593750
W (2) =0.14689746093750
W (3) =-0.03310644531250
A tsunami is detected if the difference between the observed pressure and the prediction Hp exceeds the prescribed threshold in magnitude (30mm in north pacific). The gauges could use the most recent pressure observation to test against prediction. However, the next earlier is used so that the gauges can screen the pressure values for instrumental spikes that might falsely trip the algorithm. The threshold for these spikes is set at 100mm.
THEROTICAL PRESSURE SERIES
The graph shows the application of the algorithm to a theoretical pressure series. The series consist of an M2 tide with amplitude of 1mm and a short pulse that has amplitude of 5cm and duration of 15 minutes. The pulse affects the difference both directly and through its indirect effect on the prediction. Following the first and largest differences, pulses continue to occur each hour with diminishing amplitude until the pulse no longer influences the predictions.
The difference exceeds the threshold at the beginning of the theoretical series. This is due to the mismatch between the time series and the constant values placed initially in the H*array. This phenomenon will also occur during field deployments of DART gauges as they fall through the water column towards the bottom.
However, the difference will stabilize at sub-threshold values 4-5 hours after the gauges reach the bottom. Then, the H* array contains only on-bottom pressure values, and the gauges are in thermal equilibrium with the bottom waters. As shown in fig 1, a software flag is set to -1 each time the difference exceeds the threshold. In turn, this exceedance flag controls a reporting flag that puts the DART gauge into its rapid reporting mode. The reporting flag is set to -1 as soon as the threshold is exceeded and remains equal to -1 until 4 hours has passed since the last time the threshold was exceeded. The gauge then returns to its monitoring mode.
Reply
#5
I need some more explanation about this because i want to make this in my final year project.
Reply
#6

to get information about the topic"TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM" refer the page link bellow

http://studentbank.in/report-tsunami-war...1#pid59931
Reply
#7
Reply
#8
please go through the following thread for more details on 'Tsunami warning system'

http://studentbank.in/report-tsunami-warning-system
Reply
#9
Plz send me more for my presentation.....plz send me to my email I'd. Limisha678[at]gmail.com
Reply
#10
To get full information or details of TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM please have a look on the pages

http://studentbank.in/report-tsunami-warning-system

http://studentbank.in/report-tsunami-war...1#pid59931

http://studentbank.in/report-tsunami-war...e=threaded

http://studentbank.in/report-tsunami-war...e=threaded

if you again feel trouble on TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM please reply in that page and ask specific fields in TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
Reply

Important Note..!

If you are not satisfied with above reply ,..Please

ASK HERE

So that we will collect data for you and will made reply to the request....OR try below "QUICK REPLY" box to add a reply to this page
Popular Searches: modern devices are used to detect tsunami, full seminar report on tsunami warning system, tsunami warning system ppt free download, seminar general topic tsunami, warning signs, tsunami warning system for mobile phones, seminar based on tsunami warning system,

[-]
Quick Reply
Message
Type your reply to this message here.

Image Verification
Please enter the text contained within the image into the text box below it. This process is used to prevent automated spam bots.
Image Verification
(case insensitive)

Forum Jump: