Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature.
When a substance is heated, its particles begin moving more and thus usually maintain a greater average separation. Materials which contract with increasing temperature are rare; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges. The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature.
The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is a measure of a material's expansion or contraction with temperature. Because the length changes associated with thermal expansion are very small, the CTE is usually expressed in microstrains per unit temperature change.
coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Portland cement concrete (PCC) ranges from about 8 to 12 microstrains/°C. The range of CTE values for different concretes reflects the variation in CTE of concrete's component materials. For example, concrete containing limestone aggregate has a lower CTE than concrete containing siliceous aggregate. Because aggregate comprises about 70% of the concrete, aggregate type has the greatest effect on the CTE of concrete. The CTE of hardened cement paste, which is a function of factors such as w/c ratio, cement fineness, cement composition, and age, also affects the CTE of concrete
reference:
http://en.wikipediawiki/Thermal_expansion
http://fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/thermal.cfm
http://easts.info/2003journal/papers/1035.pdf