STERIOLITHOGRAPHY Presentation
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Presented by:
BY SWATI GANGWAR

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A PRESENTATION ON STERIOLITHOGRAPHY
Steriolithography (STL) is a process of rapid prototyping.
RAPID PROTOTYPING
Rapid prototyping is the automatic construction of physical objects using additive manufacturing technology.
The first techniques for rapid prototyping became available in the late 1980s and were used to produce models and prototype parts.
The use of additive manufacturing for rapid prototyping takes virtual designs from computer aided design (CAD) or animation modeling software, transforms them into thin, virtual, horizontal cross-sections and then creates successive layers until the model is complete.
It is a WYSIWYG process where the virtual model and the physical model are almost identical.
RAPID PROTOTYPING WORLDWIDE
The Audi RSQ was made by Audi with rapid prototyping industrial KUKA robots
STERIOLITHOGRAPHY
Stereolithography (SL) is an additive manufacturing technology for producing models, prototypes, patterns, and in some cases, production parts.
The term “stereolithography” was coined in 1986 by Charles (Chuck) W. Hull
The first working stereolithography system, invented by Chuck Hull. Photo circa 1986
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer "resin" and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time. On each layer, the laser beam traces a part cross-section pattern on the surface of the liquid resin.
Exposure to the UV laser light cures, solidifies the pattern traced on the resin and adheres it to the layer below.
After a pattern has been traced, the SLA's elevator platform descends by a single layer thickness, typically 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm (0.002" to 0.006"). Then, a resin-filled blade sweeps across the part cross section, re-coating it with fresh material.
On this new liquid surface, the subsequent layer pattern is traced, adhering to the previous layer.
A complete 3-D part is formed by this process. After building, parts are cleaned of excess resin by immersion in a chemical bath and then cured in a UV oven.
Stereolithography requires the use of support structures to attach the part to the elevator platform and to prevent certain geometry from not only deflecting due to gravity, but to also accurately hold the 2-D cross sections in place such that they resist lateral pressure from the re-coater blade.
Supports are generated automatically during the preparation of 3-D CAD models for use on the stereolithography machine, although they may be manipulated manually. Supports must be removed from the finished product manually; this is not true for all rapid prototyping technologies.
Each layer is 0.076 mm to 0.50 mm (0.003 in to 0.020 in.) thick
Thinner layers provide better resolution and more intricate shapes; but processing time is longer
Starting materials are liquid monomers
Polymerization occurs on exposure to UV light produced by laser scanning beam
Scanning speeds ~ 500 to 2500 mm/s
A STEREOLITHOGRAPHY MACHINE
ADVANTAGES

Stereolithography has many common names such as: 3D printing, optical fabrication, photo-solidification, solid free-form fabrication and solid imaging.
One of the appealing aspects about SL is that a functional part can be created within one day.
The length of time it takes to produce any one part depends on the size and complexity of the project and can take anywhere from a few hours to more than a day.
Although there are almost no limitations when it comes to the shapes of the parts that can be created the process is not by any means inexpensive.
DISADVANTAGES
A Stereolithography machine can cost from about $100,000 to more than $500,000.
The photo-curable resin can cost anywhere from $300 to $800 per gallon.
Most SL machines can produce parts with a maximum size of 20” x 20” x 24”.
APPLICATIONS
In medical .
In aerospace.
In automobile industries .
In consumer products.
Others.
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