28-02-2015, 11:29 PM
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Sir ,I want to give seminar on this topic.so ,I request you to provide file about this topic and I had mainly choosen this topic because of Keen interest disigning of small electronic deviced.
04-04-2017, 04:18 PM
In the current scenario of applications embedded in wireless technologies Smart Dust Mote sensors are exploring the limits of detection and autonomous communication by packing a complete system in one cubic millimeter at a relatively low cost. These volumetric constraints correspond to energy constraints in the system. Therefore, the motto "intelligence" must operate on the absolute minimum energy while providing the necessary characteristics. The mote can be divided into four subsystems:
• Sensors and analogue signal conditioning
• Power system
• Front of the transceiver
• The nucleus.
The core is one that consists essentially of all digital circuits in the system, including the rear end of the receiver, sensor processing circuits, calculation circuits, and memory. A basic requirement is that it has a degree of reconfigurability on the fly determined by the changing needs of the mission.
In this work, we define an ultra low energy architecture for the mote core that will satisfy the needs of the military base monitoring scenario. The idea behind this paper is to build cubic millimeter scale detection and communication platforms that form a network of distributed sensors and can monitor environmental conditions in both military and commercial applications. These networks will consist of hundreds to thousands of "dust motes" and some interrogation transceivers. Dust specks are made up of several subsystems of different manufacturing technologies.
Many sensors, including temperature, pressure, and acceleration sensors can be attached to a speck. An ASIC handles measurement recording, data storage and system control. A receiver circuit converts the photocurrent of an incoming laser into a data stream that will be used to interrogate or reconfigure the mote. Various transmission systems may also be utilized, such as a passive corner hub reflector (CCR) for communication to a base station, or an integrated laser with beam steering MEMS structures for intermobile communication. Finally, all components are mounted on a thick film battery charged by a solar cell.
• Sensors and analogue signal conditioning
• Power system
• Front of the transceiver
• The nucleus.
The core is one that consists essentially of all digital circuits in the system, including the rear end of the receiver, sensor processing circuits, calculation circuits, and memory. A basic requirement is that it has a degree of reconfigurability on the fly determined by the changing needs of the mission.
In this work, we define an ultra low energy architecture for the mote core that will satisfy the needs of the military base monitoring scenario. The idea behind this paper is to build cubic millimeter scale detection and communication platforms that form a network of distributed sensors and can monitor environmental conditions in both military and commercial applications. These networks will consist of hundreds to thousands of "dust motes" and some interrogation transceivers. Dust specks are made up of several subsystems of different manufacturing technologies.
Many sensors, including temperature, pressure, and acceleration sensors can be attached to a speck. An ASIC handles measurement recording, data storage and system control. A receiver circuit converts the photocurrent of an incoming laser into a data stream that will be used to interrogate or reconfigure the mote. Various transmission systems may also be utilized, such as a passive corner hub reflector (CCR) for communication to a base station, or an integrated laser with beam steering MEMS structures for intermobile communication. Finally, all components are mounted on a thick film battery charged by a solar cell.
![[Image: Smart-Dust-Mote.png]](http://a4academics.com/images/ProjSeminarImages/Smart-Dust-Mote.png)
The most difficult restrictions in the Smart Dust design are the minimum power consumption required to drive circuits and MEMS devices. The basic concepts involved in the Smart Dust Mote structure are illustrated in figure-1. When the entire speck is installed within a 1mm cube volume, the power density of the power supply is the main issue. The current technology provides batteries with 1J / mm of power and a high resistance in series. Modern capacitors can reach up to 10mJ / mm3 with low resistance in series. The series resistance affects the peak power that can be drawn from the source.
In typical low-power mixed signal systems, most designers consider performance in terms of cycles, samples or bits, maximizing performance first and minimizing power in the second place. With strict power restrictions for Smart Dust, we have to consider performance in terms of Joules: given a cubic millimeter battery, there is a Joule of energy to use. With CCR, communication costs on 1nJ / bit, while detection can be achieved in 1nJ / sample. Modern processors, such as the StrongARM SA1100, can perform calculations as low as 1nJ / instruction. With these energy figures, you can make cost exchanges between the amount of calculation, the amount of data transmitted and the sampling frequency of the sensor. However, when using a mapping closer to the application it needs architecture and point to ultra low energy from the beginning, we believe that we can achieve orders of magnitude reduction in the cost of energy per instruction.
With this in mind, the idea behind this document is:
• Determine the exact functional needs of a particular scenario, including signal processing and calculation functions required. In addition, the exact amount of reconfigurability required should be determined.
• Map the necessary functionality of the kernel into several possible architectures.
• Evaluate options using Wattwatcher (Verilog energy estimator) and / or Powermill (switch-level power estimator) to determine the lowest energy solution.
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