Smart Cameras as Embedded Systems
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Abstract:
A "smart camera" is basically a video
camera coupled to a computer vision
system in a tiny package. This
communication begins stating the main
differences between smart cameras and
standard smart vision systems. A smart
camera architecture is described whereby a
combination of an onboard microprocessor
and PLD’s allow for the embedding of
image processing algorithms in the
camera.
Introduction
The smart camera – a whole vision system
contained in one neat housing – can be
used anywhere, in any industry where
image processing can be applied.
Companies no longer need a cabinet in
which to keep all their computing
equipment: the computer is housed with in
the smart camera. In the pharmaceutical
industry and in clean rooms – when not
even dust is allowed – this can be a big
advantage. A single square metre of space
can be comparatively very expensive – if
there is no need for a component rack or
cabinet, simply a smart camera, then this
could save a lot of money.
Smart Camera Architecture
The smart camera presented in this
communication reduces the amount of data
generated to the ‘data of interest’ by
making use of embedded image processing
algorithms. The data of interest might be,
for example, defective areas of the product
being inspected. Multiple cameras can
route their data to a single frame grabber
and computer due to the reduction of data
stream, thus dramatically reducing system
cost and increasing inspection bandwidth
capability.
Image Processing Algorithms
Many types of image processing
algorithms can be embedded within the
camera, since the video processing
modules are completely in-system
programmable. As an example, a static
grey scale thresholding algorithm is
presented below.