I want the contents including abstract in seminar report on white topping
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Whitetopping is the coverage of an existing asphalt pavement with a layer of Portland cement concrete. Whitetopping is divided into types depending on the thickness of the concrete layer and whether the layer is bonded to the asphalt substrate. Unattached whitetopping, also called conventional whitetopping, uses concrete thicknesses of eight inches or more that does not adhere to asphalt. Bonding whitetopping uses thicknesses of two to six inches attached to asphalt pavement and is divided into two types, thin and ultra thin. The link is made by texturizing the asphalt. Thin whitetopping uses a glued layer of concrete that is four to six inches thick, while an ultra thin layer is two to four inches thick. Ultrathin whitetopping is suitable for light uses, such as low volume traffic roads, car parks and small airports. Reinforced concrete fiber is used in some thin white thin coatings and almost all ultrathin whitetopping coatings.
Whitetopping is suitable for asphalt pavement with little deterioration, although repairs can be made to asphalt if necessary. If the pavement is heavily damaged, it must be completely removed and a new concrete pavement must be installed. The pavement should be relatively hard, too. The deterioration of the overlays increases significantly in the asphalt bases with high viscosity. If a grade or distance between the pavement and a bridge needs to be preserved, the asphalt can be ground so that the pavement height does not change. However, whitetopping requires that the asphalt layer be at least three inches thick. If necessary, a new concrete road section can be placed under a bridge with gentle slopes on both sides that meet the whitetopped parts of the road.