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ABSTRACT
Self reproduction is ultimate form of self repair. Self replication is
generally considered to be a machine that can build itself, and that they can build another copy and so on. The self reproducing machines demonstrated here are essentially modular robots, consisting of multiple identical actuated modules with electromagnets to selectively weaken and strengthen connections .The cubes are powered at the base and transfer data and power through their faces. The control of machine is distributed among the modules executes a motion schedule governed by time and contact events. The sides also have electromagnets that enable them to selectively attach and detach from each other. The modular robot can thus reconfigure itself. And in each block is a small computer chip which is programmed with step-by-step instructions about what to do. It is a small step towards developing robots that can repair and replicate themselves in space or hazardous environments
DEFINITION OF ROBOTICS:
Robotics is the science and technology of how robots are made and function via electronic and mechanical processes. It is also about understanding the software applications that control their movements. Robots are essentially machines that perform tasks.
SELF REPLICATING ROBOTS:
DEFINITION:
• Self-replication is the process by which a thing may act, and thereby make a copy of itself.
• Biological cells, given suitable environments, reproduce by cell division. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction.. Computer viruses reproduce using the hardware and software already present on computers.
A self-replicating machine is, as the name suggests, an artificial self-replicating system that relies on conventional large-scale technology and automation
 It is unlikely that this would all be contained within a single monolithic structure, but would rather be a group of cooperating machines that is capable of manufacturing all of the machines.
 The factory needs production of mining robots to collect raw materials, construction robots to put new machines together, and repair robots to maintain itself against wear and tear, all without human intervention or direction.
 Self-replicating machine needs the capacity to gather energy and raw materials, process the raw materials into finished components, and then assemble them into a copy of itself
 The advantage of such a system lies in its ability to expand its own capacity rapidly and without additional human effort.
 Self-replicating machine needs the capacity to gather energy and raw materials, process the raw materials into finished components, and then assemble them into a copy of itself
 The advantage of such a system lies in its ability to expand its own capacity rapidly and without additional human effort
SELF REPLICATING MACHINES REQUIRE:
• Construction materials
• Manufacture of new parts
• Consistent power source
• Programming the new members
Theory:
Research by John von Neumann established that one common form of a replicator has several parts:
 A genome, a compact, usually error-resistant representation of the replicator's stored algorithm. Biologically, this is DNA.
 A specialized set of mechanisms to copy and repair the genome, using resources gathered by the body. Biologically, this is something like transcriptase.
 A body, which gathers resources and energy, and interprets a stored algorithm. Biologically, these are ribosomes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SELF REPLICATING ROBOTS:
Recent research has begun to categorize replicators, based on the amount of support they require.
• Natural replicators have all or most of their design from nonhuman sources. Such systems include natural life forms.
• Autotrophic replicators can reproduce themselves "in the wild". They mine their own materials. It is conjectured that non-biological autotrophic replicators could be designed by humans, and could easily accept specifications for human products.
• Self-reproductive systems are conjectured systems which would produce copies of themselves from industrial feedstocks such as metal bar and wire.
• Self-assembling systems are assemble copies of themselves from finished, delivered parts.

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