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Why a global UNDP Report on Disaster Risk
Economic losses and the numbers affected by disasters continue to increase.
Disaster loss is challenging the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in many countries.
International community still focused on humanitarian actions to mitigate losses.
No-one is addressing disaster risk through development
What are the objectives of the Report
Demonstrate through quantitative analysis that disaster risk is an unresolved problem of development
Identify and promote development policy alternatives that can reduce disaster risk and therefore facilitate the achievement of the MDGs
Contribution by UNDP to the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
How are development and disaster risk linked
Disaster risk is lower in high development countries than in low development countries.
Development processes intervene in the translation of physical exposure to hazards into disaster risk
Disaster Risk Index (DRI)
A global index that compares risk of mortality between countries
Measures the population exposed to earthquakes, tropical cyclones and floods in each country
Calculates the relative human vulnerability to each of the hazard types
Identifies vulnerability indicators that correlate with risk
Physical Exposure
Physical exposure = Number of people located in areas where hazardous events occur combined with the frequency of hazard events.
Absolute exposure is larger in countries like India and China. Relative exposure is higher in small-island developing countries.
Physical Exposure to Cyclones
Relative Vulnerability
The key indicator in the DRI
Measures the number of people killed in a country due to a particular natural hazard with respect to the number of people exposed.
Countries that suffer a far higher loss of life than others who are equally exposed have a higher relative vulnerability to the hazard in question
Earthquakes
Relative Vulnerability Indicators for Earthquakes
Islamic Republic of Iran 1,074
Turkey 345
India 211
Italy 175
Algeria 109
Mexico 103
Japan 9
Costa Rica 2.91
United States of America 0.97
Relative Vulnerability Indicators for Tropical Cyclones
Honduras 321
Nicaragua 202
Bangladesh 54
Haiti 13
United States of America 2.49
Australia 1.21
Japan 0.17
Cuba 0.16
Relative Vulnerability Indicators for Floods
Venezuela 491
Morocco 103
Botswana 70
Mozambique 67
United States of America 2.3
Argentina 1.5
Germany 0.25
Linking Risk to Development
Earthquakes: countries with rapid urban growth
Tropical cyclones: countries with large rural populations and a low rank on the Human Development Index (HDI).
Floods: countries with low GDP per capita and low local population densities
Limitations of the DRI
Mortality calibrated
20 year reporting period
Large and medium scale disasters
Only three natural hazards
Limited bundle of social, economic and ecological indicators.
How does Development Configure Risk ?
DRI identified urbanisation and rural livelihoods as key development processes configuring risk
Urbanisation analysed in the context of economic globalization.
Rural livelihoods analysed in the context of global climate change.
Cross-cutting themes: governance, violence and armed conflict; social capital; HIV/AIDS and disease.
Conclusions and recommendations
Governance for risk management
Mainstreaming disaster risk into development planning
Factoring risk into disaster recovery and reconstruction
Integrated climate risk management
Managing the multifaceted nature of risk
Compensatory risk management (disaster preparedness and response)
Addressing gaps in knowledge for disaster risk assessment